Caddo Lake

Caddo Lake NWR https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Caddo_Lake https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caddo_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge The Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge is located along Caddo Lake in East Texas. In 1993, the importance of the wetlands surrounding Caddo Lake was recognized at the Ramsar Convention, as the area was one of thirteen in the US that were deemed to be of "international significance".

Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service A Comprehensive List and Photographic Collection of the Vascular Flora of Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, March 2011–March 2012 Data Series 854 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover, Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, August 2011. A Comprehensive List and Photographic Collection of the Vascular Flora of Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, March 2011–March 2012 By Larry Allain Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Data Series 854 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2014 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Suggested citation: Allain, Larry, 2014, A comprehensive list and photographic collection of the vascular flora of Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, March 2011–March 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 854, 41 p., http://dx.doi. org/10.3133/ds854. ISSN 2327-638X (online) iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................1 Description of Study Area ............................................................................................................................2 Methods ..........................................................................................................................................................2 Results .............................................................................................................................................................2 Discussion .......................................................................................................................................................9 Summary .......................................................................................................................................................11 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................11 References Cited .........................................................................................................................................11 Photograph Collection (available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/854/) Figures 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Map showing location of Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Texas ..............................3 Photograph showing chambered pith of black walnut (Juglans nigra), an example of diagnostic plant characters photographed during this project at Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Texas ...........................................................................4 Photographs showing the differences in leaf form of two varieties of Taxodium distichum occurring on Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Texas .................................5 Photograph showing pine-hardwood forest predominant on slopes and other well-drained sites in Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Texas ......................................6 Photograph showing bottomland hardwoods dominated by baldcypress (Taxodium distichum var. distichum) along drainages and in frequently flooded parts of Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Texas ............................................................6 Photograph showing Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera), an invasive nonnative species that is currently controlled by refuge management at Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Texas ........................................................................................7 Photograph showing staff of Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, using herbicide to treat small Chinese tallow trees (Triadica sebifera) before these nonnative, highly invasive trees can bear seeds and colonize additional area ................8 Photograph showing an invasive understory shrub, sacred b