Palmetto State Park is located in Gonzales County, Texas. The park is named for the dwarf palmetto (Sabal minor), which grows abundantly in the park. The San Marcos River runs through the park. The 4-acre (1.6 ha) Oxbow Lake, initially created by flood waters, is now independent of the river and is spring fed. There are many bogs throughout the park that are surrounded by dense vegetation, giving the park a jungle-like atmosphere.
Official Texas State Parks Guide (español). Published by Texas Parks & Wildlife.
Palmetto SP
https://tpwd.texas.gov/state-parks/palmetto
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmetto_State_Park
Palmetto State Park is located in Gonzales County, Texas. The park is named for the dwarf palmetto (Sabal minor), which grows abundantly in the park. The San Marcos River runs through the park. The 4-acre (1.6 ha) Oxbow Lake, initially created by flood waters, is now independent of the river and is spring fed. There are many bogs throughout the park that are surrounded by dense vegetation, giving the park a jungle-like atmosphere.
For assistance using this map, contact the park. For a web version of the map text, visit our Trails Information page.
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TEXAS PARKS AND WILDLIFE
BIRDS
OF
PALMETTO
S T A T E
P A R K
A FIELD CHECKLIST
2020
INTRODUCTION
P
almetto State Park is situated along the San Marcos River in
Gonzales County, nestled in the Post Oak Savannah vegetation
area of east-central Texas. The park is noted for its diverse
flora and fauna, and is especially well known as one of central Texas’
premier birding spots. The park and immediate environs contain
some of the westernmost nesting distribution for many eastern species,
such as the Pileated Woodpecker, Kentucky Warbler and Prothonotary
Warbler. Also reaching their westernmost distribution here are Flying
Squirrels, the Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad, and numerous plants,
mostly wetland species.
Several plant communities occur within the park, including bottomland hardwoods of hackberry, ash, elm and oak along the river,
wet grasslands and a spartina marsh with occasional palmetto-filled
swales, an oxbow lake, and several lagoons fed by an artesian well.
Short hiking trails provide access to most habitat types within the park.
This checklist includes those species which have been sighted within
the park or the immediate area of the park, such as along Park Road
11, the village of Ottine, the privately owned Salt Lake, or on the
grounds of the Texas Rehabilitation Center and Elks Hospital. Some
species that are included were seen during the annual Palmetto State
Park Christmas Bird Count, which extends from the park entrance in
a 15-mile radius.
Throughout the years, many individuals have contributed information adding to our knowledge of the avifauna of this area. The
compiler of this checklist edition is especially grateful to Rose Ann
Rowlett, Ray Chancellor, Fred S. Webster, Jr., Ed Kutac, Jack Sunder,
Charles Alexander, Willie Sekula, Greg Lasley, Pat Hartigan and Brush
Freeman for the information they have provided. You can contribute
to our knowledge of the birdlife of this area by reporting any unusual
observations to the Natural Resource Program, Texas Parks and Wildlife
Department, 4200 Smith School Road, Austin, Texas 78744; or leave
them at the park headquarters for forwarding.
Nomenclature and organization of this checklist follow the A.O.U.
Check-list of North American Birds, 7th edition, as currently supplemented.
1
Please help us protect the natural avian communities in our parks
by refraining from using playback tapes of bird songs. Frequent
use of these tapes disrupts normal avian activity patterns, disrupts
essential territorial behavior and may lead to nest failure. Thank
you for your cooperation.
LEGEND
A — Abundant: Present in such numbers and with such general distribution
in proper habitat that many may be found in a given day.
C — Common: Always present and in such numbers that one may expect to
find several in a day.
U — Uncommon: Normally present in habitat but one cannot be sure of
finding one in a day. The bird referred to by the phrase “it should be
there, but we might miss it” is “uncommon.”
R — Rare: Definitely not expected. On the average it occurs only a few times
a season or not at all. It is always a surprise to see one.
O — Occasional: Occasionally seen. Occurs only once or twice a year on the
average.
V — Vagrant: Occurs only once every ten years on the average.
# — Known to occur in the areas near the park but not recorded within the
park checklist area to our knowledge. These species should be watched
for, as they undoubtedly pass through or over the park on occasion.
SP — March – May
S — June – August
F — September – November
W — December – February
2
CHECKLIST
SP
S
F
___ Black-bellied Whistling-Duck....................... R
R
W
DUCKS & GEESE
___ Snow Goose .................................................
R R
O
___ Ross’s Goose................................................ #
___ Greater White-fronted Goose........................ #
___ Canada Goose...............................................
R R
R
___ Wood Duck..................................................
U
U
U
___ Blue-winged Teal..........................................
U U
R
___ Northern Shoveler .......................................
R R
U
___ Gadwall........................................................
R R
U
___ American Wigeon ........................................
R R
U
U
___ Mallard........................................................ U
___ Northern Pintail ...........................................
R R
U
___ Green-winged Teal........................................
U U
C
___ Canvasback .................................................
R R
U
___ Redhead.......................................................
R R
U
___ Ring-necked Duck .......................................
R R
U
___ Greater Scaup .............................................. #
___ Lesser Scaup ...............................................
U
U R
___ Bufflehead.................................................... R
___ C
texas parks and wildlife
Palmetto State Park
A c t i v i t y
B o o k
includes pictures to color and a brief
description of different animals that
are found in palmetto state park.
WOOD DUCK
Aix sponsa (Warm-blooded)
Lets learn about the Wood Duck
Wood ducks are typically about 19 inches in length and have a wing span of 29 inches. The
males have green heads and crest streaked with white, red eyes and base of bills, purple
breasts, white throats, beige sides and bluish backs. Females are duller with bluish backs and
a white teardrop shaped eye patch. They eat seeds, acorns, berries, grains and insects, making
them omnivores. Wood ducks live in wooded swamps and bottomland forests in the eastern
and western U.S. and Canada and western Mexico. They are year-round residents in East
Texas, but northern populations migrate south for the winter. They choose old woodpecker
holes or other natural cavities near water for their nests. They prefer nesting over water so that
the babies have a soft landing when they leave the nest. Female wood ducks usually return to
nest within a half-mile of where they were born. Baby wood ducks are covered with with down,
can swim and find their own food soon after they are born. They can climb as high as 8 feet to
get out of the nest cavity they were born in using a special tooth on their beak.
What did we learn about the Wood Duck?
1. Is this animal a bird, mammal, reptile, insect
or fish?
2. What is its common and scientific name?
3. What color is a male wood duck’s head?
4. What color is a female’s eye patch?
5. How wide is their wing span?
6. What do wood ducks eat?
1
CHANNEL CATFISH
Ictalurus punctatus (Cold-blooded)
Let’s learn about the Channel Catfish
The channel catfish is a very popular food and game fish in Texas. They live in deep, slowmoving waters with gravel or sand bottom. They are found throughout Texas. They are mainly
active at night and after it rains. They are blue-gray on their backs, light blue to silver along
their sides, and have scattered dark-olive to black spots. They have barbels around their
mouth, which are covered with taste buds. These are used to find food. When catfish are
handled, people are often “stung” by the spines on their fins not by their barbels. They are
omnivores, which means they eat worms, minnows, crayfish and plant material. The female
lays the eggs and the male builds the nest. He will defend it from predators and takes care of
the young fish (called fry) for about one week until they can live on their own. Younger females
will lay about 4,000 eggs while an older female will lay up to 20,000 eggs. Predators such as
humans, raccoons and birds prey on catfish.
What did we learn about the Channel Catfish?
1. Is this animal a bird, mammal, reptile, insect or fish?
2. What is its common and scientific name?
3. How does it find food in the water?
4. Is it warm-blooded or cold-blooded?
5. Where is it found in Texas?
6. Is it a predator, prey or both?
2
RED-EARED SLIDER
Trachemys scripta elegans (Cold-blooded)
Let’s learn about the Red-eared Slider
The red-eared slider is a medium sized turtle with a dark green oval shell, marked with yellow
in younger turtles, green legs with thin yellow stripes and a green head with a red stripe behind
the eye. They eat aquatic plants, small fish and decaying material. Sliders are cold-blooded
and spend much of the day sunning on rocks and logs. The young turtles are eaten by a variety of predators including birds, raccoons, alligators and large fish. They bury themselves in
loose soil or mud during the winter to escape the cold. Sliders are found in most permanent
slow-moving water sources with mud bottoms in the eastern three-quarters of the state.
Female turtles lay their eggs in holes that they dig in the ground and leave. Young turtles are
born having to take care of themselves. Sliders have poor hearing but they are very sensitive to
vibrations – this makes it difficult to sneak up on them.
What did we learn about the Red-eared Slider?
1. Is this animal a bird, mammal, reptile, insect or fish?
2. What is its common and scientific name?
3. What do they eat?
4. Is it warm-blooded or cold-blooded?
5. Where does it live in Texas?
6. Where do they lay their eggs?
3
EASTERN BLUEBIRD
Sialia sialis (Warm-blooded)
Let’s learn about the Eastern Bluebird
The eastern bluebird is among one of the most popular birds in this area. The bird has a shiny
blue color on its back, a rich red color on its throat and chest and a white belly. This bird
occurs commonly in the eastern two-thirds of Texas and rarely in the west. Bluebirds prefer
open farmland with scattered trees, orchards and even yards and parks. They will nest in cavities and old woodpecker holes in trees. They will also use nesting boxes if the entrance hole
and box are the correct size. Their diet consists of insects, until cooler months when it eats
berries and other fruits. The eastern bluebird has suffered a drastic population decline
TEXAS PARKS AND WILDLIFE
Recp
i es
for the
Birds
�
PALMETTO
STATE PARK • GONZALES, TEXAS
Rec i pes fo r t he B i rds
The following recipes have something special
for all the guests who will visit your feeders.
Your visitors will be delighted with their
favorite menus, no matter the season.
Ingredients Information
Seeds & Grains
The following can be bought at your local feed stores: mixed wild bird
seed, millet, cracked corn, peanut hearts, thistle and sunflower seeds.
Grit
Grit is necessary to grind and digest the coarse foods that birds eat. You
can purchase commercial bird gravel, or if available, coarse beach sand
will serve the purpose.
Raw Beef Suet
Suet provides energy and warmth during the cold months. When prepar
ing suet, to make a smoother liquid, put it through a meat grinder before
melting. To make a solid suet cake, reheat. For those concerned about
spoilage of beef suet in our summer heat, a reasonable alternative is a
mixture of equal portions of shortening and peanut butter.
Kitchen Scraps
Keep cake, doughnuts, pie crust or anything with sugar in a covered con
tainer. Use a separate container for crusts and stale breads.
Granola Treat
One cup of each of the following: wheat germ, peanut hearts, white
millet, raisins, crushed dog bones and sunflower seeds. Heat 1/2 cup
honey separately. Add to dry mixture. Mix well, bake at 375° for ten
minutes. Refrigerate. Mixture can be fed as granola treat or mixed
with suet.
1
Rec i pes fo r t he B i rds
2
Nesting Season
While nesting, birds will not need to
depend on humans for food. Providing
them with nesting materials and housing
will entice visitors. Houses should be made
out of natural materials, well ventilated and
hung on the shady sides of trees. Cut
nesting materials such as wool, twine and
string into 3-inch lengths and put into your
suet containers.
String Foods
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Rec i pes fo r t he B i rds
3
Feeding Station
A feeding station is any area
that has a bird feeder set up.
These may consist of a platform
mounted on a pole, commercial
plastic feeders or something as
simple as feed scattered on the
ground. Feeding stations can
be designed to attract certain
types of birds or a wide variety
of feathered friends.
Seed Dispensers
Use at least two seed dispensers, one
for wild bird seed mix and one for
sunflower seed. If House Sparrows
are a problem, mixes that contain
millet should be avoided. If possible,
locate these near brush or trees to
provide a place to perch and preen.
Once you begin feeding, it is impor
tant that you continue through the
winter. Check your feeders early in
the mornings and again before dusk.
Rec i pes fo r t he B i rds
4
Ground Feeders
To complete your feeding
station, be sure that you
provide at least two ground
feeders. These can be wooden
or plastic, approximately
3 inches deep with drain holes
in the bottom. Add parakeet
gravel or clean sand as needed
to provide grit. Do this espe
cially after a rain.
Suet Containers
All your feathered guests will eat suet
during the cold weather to provide
energy and warmth. You should pro
vide several types of containers. Small
clinging birds use netted bags and wire
baskets. Woodpeckers prefer logs with
holes at various points, and coconut
shells are used by all.
Rec i pes fo r t he B i rds
5
Winter Warmth
Your guests are creatures of
habit. Once you begin feeding,
it is important to continue
through the winter. Check your
feeders at least twice a day.
Ideal times are very early morn
ing and again before dusk. Birds
will take shelter for the night and
do not feed again until dawn.
Return of Spring
By mid-March there will probably be
fewer birds at your feeders. Sprouts,
insects and worms are pushing through
the warm moist ground. It is now time
to stop suet feeding and continue seed
feeding until the end of April.
Summertime
Summer season provides all the natural
food that your yard guests need. They
thrive on insects, weed seeds and grains.
However, water is essential. A birdbath
can be a wonderful addition to your yard. For an added treat quarter
fresh fruit (leave the skin on) and either hang from branches or put on
feeding trays. Soon the migration will begin and the resident guests will
return to your feeders.
Rec i pes fo r t he B i rds
6
Hummingbird Punch
�
1 cup sugar
4 cups water
Boil four cups water and remove from heat. Add sugar and stir until
disolved. Let cool and feed. Store remaining syrup in covered container
in refrigerator for up to two weeks. Boiling water is not necessary but
may extend the shelf life of the syrup.
TIPS:
• Red food coloring should not be used.
Feeders have enough color on them to
attract the birds.
• Make sure your feeders are clean.
• Hang feeders in a shady area near windows or around patio.
Your guests will provide many happy memories.
• Keep feeders active year-round.
Waxwing Wedge
Raw beef suet
1 large apple
2