Trinity River

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Plants of Trinity River National Wildlife Refuge The Trinity River NWR plant list was developed by Larry E. Brown, Guy Nesom, Stuart J. Marcus and David Rosen. As of April 2009, 632 plants have been documented. Acanthaceae, Acanthus Family Dicliptera brachiata Hygrophila lacustris Lake Acanthus Justica ovata var. lanceolata Lance-Leaved Water Willow Ruellia caroliniensis Wild Petunia R. humilis var. humilis Low Ruellia R. strepens Wild Petunia Aceraceae, Maple Family Acer negundo Ash-Leaved Maple A. rubrum Red Maple Alismataceae, Water Plantain Family Echinodorus cordifolius Sagittaria montevidensis Arrowhead S. papillosa Arrowhead S. platyphylla Arrowhead Amaranthaceae, Amaranth Family Alternanthera philoxeroides Alligator-Weed Amaranthus rudis Water Hemp A. spinosus Spiny Amaranth A. viridis Slender Amaranth Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllis Family Cooperia pedunculata Rain-lily Crinum americanum Spider Lily Hymenocallis liriosme Spider Lily Hypoxis curtisii Yellow-star grass Lyoris radiate Red Spider-Lily Anacardiaceae, Cashew Family Toxicodendron radicans Poison Ivy Apocynaceae, Dogbane Family Trachelospermum difforme Climbing Dogbane Aquifoliaceae, Holly Family Ilex deciduas Deciduous-Leaved Holly I. opaca American Holly I. vomitoria Yaupon Araceae, Arum Family Arisaema dracontium Green Dragon Araliaceae, Ginseng Family Aralia spinosa Hercules Club Asclepiadaceae, Milkweed Family Asclepias perennis Swamp Milkweed Matelea gonocarpa Milkvine Azollaceae, Water Fern Family Azolla caroliniana Mosquito Fern Berberidaceae, Barberry Family Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple Betulaceae, Birch Family Carpinus caroliniana Ironwood Ostrya virginiana Hop Hornbeam Bignoniaceae, Trumpet Creeper Family Bignonia capreolata Crossvine Campsis radicans Trumpet Creeper Catalpa speciosa Northern Catalpa Boraginaceae, Borage Family Heliotropium indicum Turnsole H. procumbens Heliotrope Myosotis macrosperma Forget-Me-Not Bromeliaceae, Pineapple Family Tillandsia recurvata Ball Moss T. usneoides Spanish Moss Callitrichaceae, Water Starwort Family Callitriche heterophylla Larger Water-Starwort C. nuttallii Sand-Starwort C. peploides Water-Starwort Campanulaceae, Bellflower Family Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower L. puberula Downy Lobelia Sphenoclea zeylanica Chickenspike Triodanis perfoliata var. biflora Venus-Looking-Glass T. perfoliata var. perfoliata Cannaceae, Canna Family Canna indica Indian Shot Caprifoliaceae, Honeysuckle Family Lonicera japonica Japanese Honeysuckle Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Viburnum rufidulum Rusty Black Haw Caryophyllaceae, Pink Family Cerastium glomeratum Mouse-Eared Chickweed Sagina decumbens Pearlwort Silene antirrhina Sleepy Catchfly Stellaria media Chickweed S. parvan Chickweed Celastraceae, Staff Tree Family Euonymus americanus Strawberry Bush Ceratophyllaceae, Coon-Tail Family Ceratophyllum demersum, Coon-Tail Chenopodiaceae, Goosefoot Family Chenopodium ambrosioides Mexican Tea Commelinaceae, Spiderwort Family Commelina diffusa Spreading Dayflower C. erecta Dayflower C. virginica Virginia Dayflower Murdannia nudiflora Tradescantia ohiensis Spiderwort Compositae, Sunflower Family Acmella oppositifolia var. repens Creeping Spotflower Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed A. cumanensis Western Ragweed A. trifida Giant Ragweed Aster fragilis Tall White Aster A. subulatus Blueweed Baccharis halimifolia Sea-Myrtle Bidens bipinnata Spanish Needles B. discoidea Sticktight Cacalia plantaginea Indian Plantian Calyptocarpus vialis Stagger Daisy Chloracantha spinosa var. spinosa Spiny Aster Cirsium horridulum Bull Thistle Conyza canadensis Horseweed Coreopsis basalis Goldenwave Croptilon rigidifolium Scratch-Daisy Eclipta prostrata Yerba De Tago Elephantopus carolinianus Elephantfoot E. tomentosus Elephantfoot Erechtities hieraciifolia Burnweed Erigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia Fleabane E. tenuis Slender Fleabane Eupatorium capillifolium Dogfennel E. coelestinum Mist Flower E. compositifolium Yankee Weed E. incarnatum Pink Boneset E. rugosum Boneset E. serotinum Lateflowering Boneset Euthamia leptocephala False Goldenrod Gaillardia pulchella var. pulchella Indian Blanket Gnaphalium falcatum Cudweed G. purpureum Cudweed Helenium amarum var. amarum Bitterweed Heterotheca subaxillaris Goldenaster Hypochaeris microcephala var. albiflora Cat’s Ear Iva annua Marsh Elder Krigia cespitosa Dwarf Dandelion K. wrightii Sandy Soil Dwarf Dandelion Lactuca canadensis Wild Lettuce L. floridana Fall Wild Lettuce Mikania scandens Hempweed Pluchea camphorata Camphorweed Pterocaulon virgatum Blackroot Polymnia uvedalia Bearsfoot Pyrrhopappus carolinianus False Dandelion P. pauciflorus False Dandelion Rudbeckia hirta Black-Eyed Susan Senecio glabellus Butter-Weed S. tampicanus Butter-Weed Solidago canadensis Goldenrod S. rugosa Roughleaf Goldenrod Soliva sessilis Burweed Sonchus asper Sow Thistle Verbesina encelioides Cowpen Daisy V. virginica Frostweed Vernonia missurica Ironweed Xanthium strumarium Cocklebur Convolvulaceae, Morning Glory Family Cuscuta obtusiflora var. glandulosa Dodder Dichondra carolinensis Pony-Foot Ipomoea cordatotriloba Common Morning Glory I. lacunosa Small White Morning Glory Jacquemontia tamnifolia Tie Vine Cornaceae, Dogwood Family Cornus drummondii Rough-Leaved Dogwood C. florida Flowering Dogwood Nyssa aquatica Water Tupelo N. sylvatica Blackgum Cruciferae, Mustard Family Armoracia lacustris Lake Cress Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd’s Purse Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Crest C. parviflora var. arenicola Bitter Crest Lepidium virginicum Pepper-Grass Rorippa sessiliflora Sessile-Flowered Cress Cucurbitaceae, Gourd Family Cayaponia quinqueloba Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus Watermelon Cucumis melo Muskmelon Melothria pendula Melonette Curpressaceae, Cypress Family Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar Cyperaceae, Sedge Family Carex albicans var. australis C. annectens C. aureolensis C. austrina C. blanda C. brevior C. bulbostylis C. caroliniana C. cherokeensis C. complanata C. corrugata C. crus-corvi C. flaccosperma C. frankii C. gigantea C. hyalina C. hyalinolepis C. intumescens C. joorii C. leavenworthii C. louisianica C. lupuliformis C. oxylepis C. retroflexa C. texensis C. tribuloides C. verrucosa C. vulpinoidea Cyperus acuminatus C. articularis C. compressus C. croceus C. entrerianus C. erythrorhizos C. esculentus C. iria C. ochraceus C. odoratus C. polystachyos C. pseudovegetus C. retrorsus var. retrorsus C. rotundus C. surinamensis C. thyrsiflorus C. virens Eleocharis microcarpa E. montana E. montevidensis E. obtusa E. palustris Fimbristylis annua Annual Fimbry F. autumnalis Slender Fimbry F. dichotoma Forked Fimbry F. miliacea Globe Fimbry F. vahlii Vahl Fimbry Isolepis carinata Little-Sedge Kyllinga odorata White Flat Sedge Rhynchospora caduca Beakrush R. colorata White Top Sedge R. corniculata Horned Beakrush Schoenoplectus californicus Scleria oligantha Nut-Rush Dioscoreaceae, Yam Family Dioscorea bulbifera Air Yam Dioscorea villosa Potato Yam Ebenaceae, Ebony Family Diospyros virginiana Persimmon Equisetaceae, Horsetail Family Equisetum hyemale Scouring-Rush Ericaceae, Heath Family Vaccinium arboreum Euphorbiaceae, Spurge Family Acalypha gracilens var. gracilens Threeseeded Mercury A. rhomboidea A. virginica Threeseeded Mercury Caperonia palustris Marsh Caperonia Croton capitatus Woolly Croton C. glandulosus Tropic Croton C. monanthogynus Single-Seed Croton Euphorbia bicolor Flowering Spurge E. dentata Toothed Spurge E. humistrata Spreading Spurge E. maculata Spotted Spurge E. nutans Eyebane E. spathulata Warty Spurge Phyllanthus caroliniensis Leaf Flower P. pudens Leaf Flower P. urinaria Leaf Flower Sapium sebiferum Chinese Tallow Tree Fagaceae, Beech Family Quercus alba White Oak Q. falcata Southern Red Oak Q. lyrata Overcup Q. michauxii Swamp-Chestnut Oak Q. nigra Water Oak Q. phellos Willow Oak Q. sinuata var. sinuata Bottomland White Oak Q. stellata var. stellata Post Oak Q. texana Nuttall’s Oak Q. virginiana Live Oak Fumariaceae, Fumitory Family Corydalis micrantha var. australis Scrambled Eggs Geraniaceae, Geranium Family Geranium carolinianum Geranium Gramineae (Poaceae), Grass Family Agrostis hyemalis Winter Bentgrass A. perennans Fall Bentgrass Aira elegans Hairgrass Alopecurus carolinianus Carolina Foxtail Andropogon glomeratus Bushy Bluestem A. virginicus Broomsedge Arundinaria gigantea Cane Avena fatua Oats Axonopus fissiflius Carpetgrass Briza minor Quakinggrass Bromus catharticus Rescuegrass Cenchrus incertus Grass Bur Chasmanthium latifolium Woodoats C. laxum Spikegrass C. laxum var. sessiliflorum Spikegrass Cynodon dactylon Bermudagrass Dactyloctenium aegyptium Crowfootgrass Dichanthelium aciculare D. acuminatum var. densiflorum D. acuminatum var. lindheimeri D. acuminatum var. longiligulatum D. boscii D. commutatum D. dichotomum D. laxiflorum Digitaria ciliaris Southern Crabgrass D. ischaemum Smooth Crabgrass Echinochloa colona Jungle Rice Grass E. walteri Barnyard Grass Eleusine indica Goosegrass Elymus virginicus Wildrye Eragrostis glomerata Pond Lovegrass E. hirsuta Bigtop Lovegrass E. hypnoides Teal Lovegrass E. reptans Creeping Lovegrass Eremochloa ophiuroides Centipedegrass Festuca arundinacea Fescue Hordeum pusillum Little Barley Leersia lenticularis Catchflygrass L. virginica Whitegrass Leptochloa panicoides Amazon Sprangletop Limnodea arkansana Ozarkgrass Lolium perenne Ryegrass Melica mutica Twoflower Melicgrass Muhlenbergia schreberi Nimblewill Oplismenus hirtellus Basketgrass Panicum anceps Beaked Panicum P. dichotomiflorum Fall Panicum P. gymnocarpon Savannah Panicum P. hians Gaping Panicum P. rigidulum Redtop Panicum P. virgatum Switchgrass Paspalum conjugatum P. dilatatum Big Paspalum P. distichum Knotgrass P. laeve Field Paspalum P. langei Rustyseed Paspalum P. notatum Bahiagrass P. pubiflorum Hairseed Paspalum P. repens var. fluitans Water Paspalum P. setaceum Thin Paspalum P. urvillei Vaseygrass Phalaris caroliniana Southern Carnarygrass Piptochaetium avenaceum Blackseed Needlegrass Poa annua Annual Bluegrass P. autumnalis Autumn Bluegrass Setaria parviflora Knotroot Bristlegrass Sorghum halepense Johnsongrass Sphenopholis longiflora Wedgescale S. obtusata Prairie Wedgescale Sporobolus indicus Smutgrass Stenotaphrum secundatum St. Augustine grass Tridens flavus var. flavus Purpletop Tripsacum dactyloides Eastern Gamagrass Urochloa platyphylla Broadleaf Signalgrass U. reptans Vulpia octoflora Sixweeksgrass Zizaniopsis miliacea Southern Wild Rice Haloragaceae, Water Milfoil Family Myriophyllum heterophyllum Variable-leaf Water-Milfoil M. pinnatum Water-Milfoil Proserpinaca palustris Mermaid Weed Hamamelidaceae, Witch Hazel Family Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet Gum Hippocastanaceae, Buckeye Family Aesculus pavia var. pavia Red Buckeye Hydrocharitaceae, Frogbit Family Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla Limnobium spongia American Frogbit Hydrophyllaceae, Waterleaf Family Hydrolea ovata Water Olive H. uniflora One-Flowered Hydrolea Nemophila aphylla Baby Blueeyes Hypericaceae, St. John’s Wort Family Hypericum gymnanthum Clasping St. Johns-Wort H. hypericoides St. Andrews Cross H. mutilum Dwarf St. Johns-Wort Triadenum tubulosum Water St. Johns-Wort T. walteri Water St. Johns-Wort Iridaceae, Iris Family Herbertia lahue Herbertia Iris hexagona Wild Iris Sisyrinchium langloisii Blue-Eyed-Grass S. rosulatum White-Eyed-Grass Juglandaceae, Walnut Family Carya aquatica Water Hickory C. glabra Pignut Hickory C. illinoinensis Pecan C. texana Black Hickory Juglans nigra Black Walnut Juncaceae, Rush Family Juncus acuminatus J. coriaceus J. dichotomus J. diffusissimus Longpod Rush J. effusus Common Rush J. interior J. marginatus Grassleaf Rush J. tenuisPath Rush J. validus Flat Rush Labiatae (Lamiaceae), Mint Family Hedeoma hispida Rough Hedeoma Lamium amplexicaule Henbit Lycopus rubellus Bugle Weed L. virginicus Bugle Weed Micromeria brownei Texas Micromeria Monarda citriodora var. citriodora Lemon Beebalm M. punctata var. punctata Spotted Beebalm Perilla frutescens Beefsteak Plant Physostegia intermedia Obedient Plant Prunella vulgaris Selfheal Salvia lyrata Lyreleaf Sage Scutellaria parvula Skullcap Stachys crenata Shade Betony S. tenuifolia Hedge Nettle Teucrium canadense Wood Sage Lauraceae, Laurel Family Sassafras albidum Sassafras Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Legume Family Aeschynomene indica Jointvetch Albizia julibrissin Silktree Mimosa Alysicarpus vaginalis Alyce Clover Amorpha fruticosa Indigobush Baptisia alba var. macrophylla White Wild Indigo B. bracteata Nodding Wild Indigo Centrosema virginianum Butterfly Pea Cercis canadensis Redbud Chamaecrista fasciculata Senna Desmodium canescens Tick Trefoil D. glabellum Tick Trefoil D. paniculatum Tick Trefoil Erythrina herbacea Coralbean Galactia volubilis Milkpea Gleditsia aquatica Water Locust G. triacanthos Honey Locust Lespedeza striata Japanese Bush Clover Medicago lupulina Black Medic M. polymorpha Bur-Clover Mimosa strigillosa Powderpuff Rhynchosia minima Snoutbean Schrankia unicata Sensitive Brier Senna marilandica Wild Senna S. obtusifolia Sicklepod S. occidentalis Coffee Senna Sesbania drummondii Rattlebush S. exaltata Coffebean S. vesicaria Bladderpod Sophora affinis Eve’s Necklace Strophostyles helvula Trailing Wildbean Trifolium dubium Small Hop Clover T. repensWhite Clover T. resupinatum Persian Clover Vicia ludoviciana Vetch V. minutiflora Pygmy-Flowered Vetch Wisteria frutescens Wisteria Lemnaceae, Duckweed Family Lemna aequinoctialis Duckweed Spirodela polyrrhiza Common Duckmeat S. punctata Small Duckmeat Wolffia brasiliensis Water-Meal W. columbiana Water-Meal Wolffiella gladiata Lentibulariaceae, Bladderwort Family Utricularia gibba Bladderwort U. radiata Floating Bladderwort Liliaceae, Lily Family Allium canadense Wild Onion Nothoscordum bivalve False Onion Smilax bona-nox Saw Greenbrier S. glaucaCat Greenbrier S. rotundifolia Roundleaf Greenbrier S. smallii Small’s Greenbrier S. tamnoides Bristly Greenbrier Loganiaceae, Logania Family Gelsemium sempervirens Yellow Jessamine Mitreola petiolata Hornpod Polypremum procumbens Poly-Prim Spigelia loganioides Texas Pink-Root Lythraceae, Loosestrife Family Ammannia coccinea Tooth-Cup Cuphea carthagenensis Waxweed Lagerstromia indica Crepe Myrtle Lythrum alatum var. lanceolatum Loosestrife Rotala ramosior Rotala Magnoliaceae, Magnolia Family Magnolia grandiflora Southern Magnolia Malvaceae, Mallow Family Callirhoe papaver Wine Cup Hibiscus moscheutos Rose Mallow H. leavis Scarlet Mallow Malvaviscus arboreus Turks Cap Modiola caroliniana Modiola Sida rhombifolia Axocatzin S. spinosa Marsileaceae, Pepperwort Family Marsilea vestita Water-Clover Meliaceae, Mahogy Family Melia azedarach Chinaberry Menispermaceae, Moonseed Family Cocculus carolinus Snailseed Molluginaceae, Carpet-Weed Family Glinus lotoides Mollugo verticillata Carpet-Weed Moraceae, Mulberry Family Maclura pomifera Osage Orange Morus rubra Mulberry Nyctaginaceae, Four-O-Clock Family Mirabilis jalapa Cultivated Four-O’Clock Nymphaeaceae, Water-Lily Family Nelumbo lutea American Lotus Nymphaea odorata Fragrant Water Lily Oleaceae, Olive Family Forestiera acuminata Swamp Privet F. ligustrina Privet Forestiera Fraxinus americana White Ash F. caroliniana Pop Ash, Water Ash F. pensylvanica Green Ash Ligustrum lucidum Privet Ligustrum sinense Chinese Privet Onagraceae, Evening-Primrose Family Ludwigia decurrens Wing-Stem Water Primrose L. glandulosa Cylindric-Fruited Water Primrose L. leptocarpa Water Primrose L. octovalvis Common Water Primrose L. palustris Marsh Purslane L. peploides Smooth Water Primrose L. grandiflora Hairy Water Primrose Oenothera biennis Evening Primrose O. laciniata Cut-Leaved Evening Primrose O. speciosa Mexican Primrose O. elata ssp. hirsutissima Ophioglossaceae, Adder’s-Tongue Family Ophioglossum crotalophoroides Bulbous Adder’s-Tongue Fern Orchidaceae, Orchid Family Habernaria repens Water-spider Orchid Spiranthes cernua Nodding Ladies’ -Tresses S. lacera var. gracilis Fall Ladies’-Tresses S. ovalis Oval Ladies’-Tresses S. vernalis Spring Ladies’-Tresses Oxalidaceae, Wood-Sorrel Family Oxalis debilis Rose Wood Sorrel O. dillenii Sour-Grass O. violacea Violet Sour-Grass Palmae (Araceae), Palm Family Sabal minor Palmetto Passifloraceae, Passion-Flower Family Passiflora incarnata Maypop P. lutea Yellow Maypop Phrymaceae, Lopseed Family Phryma leptostachya Loopseed Phytolaccaceae, Pokeweed Family Phytolacca americana Pokeberry Pinaceae, Pine Family Pinus taeda Loblolly Pine Plantaginaceae, Plantain Family Plantago rhodosperma Redseed Plantain P. virginica Paleseed Plantain Platanaceae, Plane Tree Family Platanus occidentalis Sycamore Polemoniaceae, Phlox Family Phlox pilosa Phlox Polygonaceae, Buckwheat Family Brunnichia ovata Eardrop Vine Polygonum cespitosum var. longisetum Smartweed P. densiflorum P. hydropiperoides Swamp Smartweed P. lapathifolium Curltop Smartweed P. pensylvanicum Pink Smartweed P. punctatum Dotted Smartweed P. ramosissimum Bushy Knotweed P. scandens Hedge Smartweed P. virginianum Jumpseed Rumex chrysocarpus Amnastla R. crispus Curly Dock R. hastatulus Heart Sorrel R. pulcher Fiddle Dock Polypodiaceae, Fern Family Asplenium platyneuron Ebony Spleenwort Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern Pleopeltis polypodioides Resurrection Fern Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas Fern Thelypteris kunthii Southern Shield Fern Woodsia obtusa Blunt-Lobed Woodsia Woodwardia areolata Chain Fern Pontederiaceae, Pickerel-Wheel Family Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Portulacaceae, Purslane Family Claytonia virginica Spring Beauty Portulaca oleracea Purslane Potamogetonaceae, Pondweed Family Potamogeton diversifolius Pondweed P. pusillus Pondweed Primulaceae, Primrose Family Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel Centunculus minimus Chafweed Hottonia inflata Featherfoil Lysimachia radicans Loosestrife Samolus valerandi var. parviflorus Water Pimpernel Ranunculaceae, Crowfoot Family Clematis crispa Leather-Flower Ranunculus hispidus var. nitidus Bottomland Crowfoot R. muricatus Roughseed Crowfoot Spider Lily (Hymenocallis liriosme) Photograph by Michael Blessington R. parviflorus Sticktight Crowfoot R. pusillus Weak Crowfoot R. sardous Common Crowfoot Rhamnaceae, Buckthorn Family Berchemia scandens Rattan-Vine Rhamnus caroliniana Carolina Buckthorn Rosaceae, Rose Family Crataegus marshallii Parsley Hawthorn C. opaca Mayhaw C. spathulata Littlehip Hawthorn C. texanaTexas Hawthorn C. viridis Green Hawthorn Duchesnea indica Mock-Strawberry Eriobotrya japonica Loquat Geum canadense White Avens Prunus caroliniana Laurel Cherry P. umbellata Flatwoods Plum Pyrus calleryana Red-Spire Rubus argutus Blackberry R. riograndis Dewberry Spiraea cantoniensis Spiraea Rubiaceae, Madder Family Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush Diodia teres Upright Buttonweed D. virginiana Trailing Buttonweed Galium aparine Bedstraw G. pilosum Hairy Bedstraw G. tinctorium Dye Bedstraw Houstonia micrantha Little Bluet H. pusilla Bluet Mitchella repens Partridge Berry Pentodon pentandrus Richardia brasiliensis Tropical Mexican-Clover Sherardia arvensis Field Madder Spermacoce glabra Buttonweed Rutaceae, Rue Family Poncirus trifoliata Trifoliate Orange Zanthoxylum clava-herculis Prickly Ash Salicaceae, Willow Family Populus deltoides Cottonwood Salix nigra Black willow Salviniaceae Salvinia Family Salvinia molesta Sapindaceae, Soapberry Family Cardiospermum halicacabum Balloon-Vine Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii Soapberry Sapotaceae, Sapodilla Family Sideroxylon lanuginosum Gum Bumelia Saururaceae, Lizard’s-Tail Family Saururus cernuus Lizard’s-Tail Saxifragaceae, Saxifrage Family Lepuropetalon spathulatum Penthorum sedoides Ditch Stonecrop Schizaeaceae, Climbing Fern Family Lygodium japonicum Japanese Climbing Fern Scrophulariaceae, Figwort Family Agalinis fasciculata Rough Agalinis Bacopa monnieri Water Hyssop B. rotundifolia Buchnera americanaBlue Hearts Gratiola neglecta Sticky Hedge Hyssop G. virginiana Virginia Hedge Hyssop Leucospora multifida Narrowleaf Conobea Lindernia crustacea Introduced Pimpernel L. dubia False Pimpernel Mazus pumilus Mecardonia acuminata Sawtooth Water Hyssop M. procumbens Yellow Mecardonia Micranthemum umbrosum Mud-Flower Mimulus alatus Monkey Flower Nuttallanthus texanus Toadflax Penstemon laxiflorus Beardtongue Scoparia dulcis Sweetbroom Verbascum thapsus Mullein Veronica arvensis Corn Speedwell V. peregrina Purslane Speedwell Solanaceae, Nightshade Family Physalis angulata Smooth Groundcherry P. heterophylla Clammy Groundcherry P. longifolia Groundcherry Solanum capsicastrum False Jerusalem S. carolinense Horse Nettle S. ptycanthum Black Nightshade Symplocaceae, Sweet-Leaf Family Symplocos tinctoria Sweet Leaf Taxodiaceae, Bald Cypress Family Taxodium distichum Bald Cypress Tiliaceae, Linden Family Tilia americana var. americana Basswood Tilia americana var. caroliniana Basswood Typhaceae, Cat-Tail Family Typha latifolia Cattail Ulmaceae, Elm Family Celtis laevigata Hackberry Planera aquatica Planer Tree Ulmus alata Winged Elm U. americana American Elm U. crassifolia Cedar Elm Umbelliferae (Apiaceae), Parsley Family Chaerophyllum tainturieri Chervil Ciclospermum leptophyllum Wild Celery Cynosciadium digitatum Daucus pusillus Southwestern Wild Carrot Eryngium hookeri Hooker Eryngo Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Water Pennywort H. umbellata Water Pennywort H. verticillatta Whorled Penneywort Ptilimnium capillaceum Mock Bishop’s Weed Sanicula canadensis Black Snakeroot Spermolepis divaricata Forked Scaleseed Trepocarpus aethusae Urticaeae, Nettle Family Boehmeria cylindrica False Nettle Parietaria pensylvanica Pellitory Urtica chamaedryoides Stinging Nettle Valerianaceae, Valerian Family Valerianella radiata Corn Salad Verbenaceae, Vervain Family Callicarpa americana Beautyberry Lantana camera Phyla lanceolata Frogfruit P. nodiflora Frogfruit Verbena brasiliensis Brazilian Vervain V. canadensis Canadian Vervain V. officinalis Slender Vervain V. xutha Coarse Vervain V. urticifolia White Vervain Violaceae, Violet Family Viola palmata Lobed Blue Violet V. sororia var. sororia Unlobed Blue Violet Viscaceae, Mistletoe Family Phoradendron leucarpum Mistletoe Vitaceae, Grape Family Ampelopsis arborea Peppervine A. cordata False Grape Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia Creeper Vitis aestivalis var. aestivalis Summer Grape V. cinerea var. cinerea Sweet Grape V. mustangensis Mustang Grape V. palmata Red Grape V. rotundifolia Muscadine Grape Fragrant Water Lily (Nymphaea odorata) Photograph by Michael Blessington April 2009