Pipe Spring

https://www.nps.gov/pisp/index.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_Spring_National_Monument Pipe Spring National Monument is a United States National Monument located in the U.S. state of Arizona, rich with American Indian, early explorer, and Mormon pioneer history. The rich history of Pipe Spring and its flowing water comes alive as you explore the traditions of the Kaibab Paiute and the Mormon settlers through the museum, historic fort, cabins, and garden. Hike the Ridge Trail to enjoy geologic wonders, plants, and wildlife. Attend living history demonstrations and talks and be sure to visit with our amazing ranch animals! Pipe Spring National Monument is located 15 miles west of Fredonia, AZ and 45 miles east of Hurricane, UT. From Interstate 15, turn onto Utah State Route 9 in Hurricane, Utah. Take Utah State Route 59 east out of Hurricane. This road turns into Arizona State Route 389 at the state line. Pipe Spring is 45 miles east of Hurricane. From Utah Highway 89 and 89A, turn onto Arizona State Route 389 in Fredonia, Arizona. Pipe Spring is 15 miles west of Fredonia. Pipe Spring Visitor Center and Cultural Museum The Pipe Spring Visitor Center and Cultural Museum provides access to an information desk, bookstore, and exhibit hall that documents Paiute Indian and Mormon settler life in northern Arizona. Come inside to explore artifacts, watch a 25-minute film, and learn more about the dramatic history of conflict and compromise at Pipe Spring. From Interstate 15, turn onto Utah State Route 9 in Hurricane, Utah. Take Utah State Route 59 east out of Hurricane. This road turns into Arizona State Route 389 at the state line. Pipe Spring is 45 miles east of Hurricane, UT. From Utah Highway 89 and 89A, turn onto Arizona State Route 389 in Fredonia, Arizona. Pipe Spring is 15 miles west of Fredonia, AZ. Milky Way over the Chuckwagon A glittering sky of stars glows above a historic covered wagon. The Milky Way glitters above the chuckwagon at Pipe Spring National Monument. The monument has great night sky clarity because it is located inside the first Dark Sky Nation: The Kaibab Indian Reservation. Winsor Castle A sandstone fort rests between desert scrub in the foreground and a mountain in the distance. Winsor Castle, constructed in 1870-72, is surrounded by the harsh beauty of Utah and Arizona's canyon country. Historic Garden at Pipe Spring A lush garden filled with settler and native crops grows in front of a sandstone fort Pipe Spring maintains a living history garden that grows settler and native crops as they would have grown in the 1870s. In the fall, visitors may harvest free fruit and veggies. West Cabin in Snow A red-orange sandstone cabin surrounded by white snow. Wintertime showcases a stark peace and stillness at the historic buildings. Pictured here, West Cabin sticks out after a snowstorm. Longhorn Cattle A large longhorn cattle steer shows off his 6-foot span horns inside a corral. Whitmore and Tess, two Texas Longhorns, greet visitors. Longhorns were brought to Pipe Spring in the 1860s. National Park Getaway: Pipe Spring National Monument A small oasis with multiple springs has provided a life source for humans and wildlife for thousands of years at Pipe Spring National Monument. Black and green spotted salamander on rocky ground Landbird Monitoring in Northern Colorado Plateau Network Parks, 2018 Because birds can be sensitive to habitat change, they are good indicators of ecosystem integrity. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network partners with the University of Delaware to assess breeding-bird species trends in three different habitats: low-elevation riparian, pinyon-juniper, and sage shrubland. Find out which species were increasing and declining at network parks as of 2018. Small, bright-orange bird with yellowish underfeathers. Survival of the Southern Paiute The Paiutes have overcome insurmountable challenges and devastation as a people. Their long struggle to preserve the Paiute way and flourish continues. But they will not give up. Instead, they celebrate their achievements, promising that while “[t]he struggle is long and difficult… the Paiute will survive.” Native American man in ceremonial dress with orange cliffs in the background. NPS Geodiversity Atlas—Pipe Spring National Monument, Arizona Each park-specific page in the NPS Geodiversity Atlas provides basic information on the significant geologic features and processes occurring in the park. stone cabin on red rock slope About The Southern Paiute “Paa” ute means water ute, and explains the Southern Paiute preference for living near water sources. The Spanish explorer Escalante kept detailed journals of his travels in the Southwest and made notes concerning Southern Paiute horticulture, writing in 1776, that there were “well dug irrigation ditches” being used to water small fields of corn, pumpkins, squash, and sunflowers. Southern Paiute boy by wickiup shelter. What We’re Learning and Why it Matters: Long-Term Monitoring on the Northern Colorado Plateau Knowing which key natural resources are found in the national parks, and whether they're stable or changing, helps decisionmakers make sound choices. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network is building that knowledge. After more than ten years of monitoring, we've learned a lot about park ecosystems, how they're changing, and what they may look like in the days to come. Find out what we’ve learned and how it’s being used to help managers plan for the future. Man stands in a stream, looking down at a handheld gauge. Landbird Population Trends in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network, 2019 Because birds can be sensitive to habitat change, they are good indicators of ecosystem integrity. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network partners with the University of Delaware to assess breeding-bird species trends in three different habitats: low-elevation riparian, pinyon-juniper, and sage shrubland. Find out which species were increasing and declining at network parks as of 2019. Bald eagle Landbird Population Trends in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network, 2020 Because birds can be sensitive to habitat change, they are good indicators of ecosystem integrity. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network partners with the University of Delaware to assess breeding-bird species trends in three different habitats: low-elevation riparian, pinyon-juniper, and sage shrubland. Find out which species were increasing and declining at network parks as of 2020. Small beige bird with black beak and feet, brown back. Monitoring From Space: Using Satellite Imagery to Measure Landscape Conditions on the Ground Scientists from the Northern Colorado Plateau Network travel thousands of miles each year to collect data on plants, soils, and water across network parks. But it would be impossible to cover every square inch of the Northern Colorado Plateau with boots on the ground. Instead, we simultaneously monitor the parks with boots in space—satellite data that provide information at a much broader scale. Satellite and Earth in space Changing Patterns of Water Availability May Change Vegetation Composition in US National Parks Across the US, changes in water availability are altering which plants grow where. These changes are evident at a broad scale. But not all areas experience the same climate in the same way, even within the boundaries of a single national park. A new dataset gives park managers a valuable tool for understanding why vegetation has changed and how it might change in the future under different climate-change scenarios. Green, orange, and dead grey junipers in red soil, mountains in background Landbird Population Trends in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network, 2021 Because birds can be sensitive to habitat change, they are good indicators of ecosystem integrity. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network partners with the University of Delaware to assess breeding-bird species trends in three different habitats: low-elevation riparian, pinyon-juniper, and sage shrubland. Find out which species were increasing and declining at network parks as of 2021. Small dove with black spots on back of wings, long tail, and brownish-gray body. Studying the Past and Predicting the Future Using Rat Nests In the western United States, packrat middens are one of the best tools for reconstructing recent environments and climates. These accumulations of plant fragments, small vertebrate remains, rodent droppings, and other fossils can be preserved for more than 50,000 years. Packrat middens have been found in at least 41 National Park Service units. Photo of a wood rat. Series: Park Paleontology News - Vol. 14, No. 2, Fall 2022 All across the park system, scientists, rangers, and interpreters are engaged in the important work of studying, protecting, and sharing our rich fossil heritage. <a href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/fossils/newsletters.htm">Park Paleontology news</a> provides a close up look at the important work of caring for these irreplaceable resources. <ul><li>Contribute to Park Paleontology News by contacting the <a href="https://www.nps.gov/common/utilities/sendmail/sendemail.cfm?o=5D8CD5B898DDBB8387BA1DBBFD02A8AE4FBD489F4FF88B9049&r=/subjects/geoscientistsinparks/photo-galleries.htm">newsletter editor</a></li><li>Learn more about <a href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/fossils/">Fossils & Paleontology</a> </li><li>Celebrate <a href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/fossilday/">National Fossil Day</a> with events across the nation</li></ul> Photo of a person sitting while using a laboratory microscope. Making an Impact: Long-Term Monitoring of Natural Resources at Intermountain Region National Parks, 2021 Across the Intermountain Region, Inventory & Monitoring Division ecologists are helping to track the effects of climate change, provide baseline information for resource management, evaluate new technologies, and inspire the next generation of park stewards. This article highlights accomplishments achieved during fiscal year 2021. A man looks through binoculars at sunrise. Landbird Population Trends in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network, 2022 Because birds can be sensitive to habitat change, they are good indicators of ecosystem integrity. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network partners with the University of Delaware to assess breeding-bird species trends in three different habitats: low-elevation riparian, pinyon-juniper, and sage shrubland. Find out which species were increasing and declining at network parks as of 2022. Hairy woodpecker clings to the underside of a tree branch. A Changing Bimodal Climate Zone Means Changing Vegetation in Western National Parks When the climate changes enough, the vegetation communities growing in any given place will also change. Under an expanded bimodal climate zone, some plant communities in western national parks are more likely to change than others. National Park Service ecologists and partners investigated the future conditions that may force some of this change. Having this information can help park managers decide whether to resist, direct, or accept the change. Dark storm clouds and rainbow over mountains and saguaros. Lesser Long-nosed Bat Research at Organ Pipe Cactus Lesser long-nosed bats have been in scientific focus since the late 1900's. These unique animals face different obstacles in their changing environment, but researchers are at work in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, learning more about these bats. Through research here and throughout Central America, scientists are understanding better how to protect these animals and their environment. A small black lesser long-nosed bat with a black face hovers above a waxy white saguaro flower. Toad Research in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument Research at Organ Pipe Cactus has seen large monsoons, drought, and the Sonoran Desert’s impact on different species of toad. The aim of this research is to understand which species are present, as well as the geographical reach of the chytrid fungus. A large dark green-gray Sonoran Desert toad sits in a pool of water. Updated Species Database Will Help Boost Amphibian Conservation Across the National Park System To steward amphibians effectively, managers need basic information about which species live in parks. But species lists need constant maintenance to remain accurate. Due to recent efforts, the National Park Service now has an up-to-date amphibian species checklist for almost 300 parks. This information can serve as the basis for innumerable conservation efforts across the nation. A toad sits on red sand, looking into the camera. My Park Story: Alex Baker Learn about Alex's journey from starting out as a summer intern at one of the most iconic NPS sites to landing a permanent position at the same site where he is able to combine two things he loves- interpretation and inventorying. A man in a NPS straw flat hat and uniform stands in front of Mount Rushmore. Landbird Population Trends in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network, 2023 Because birds can be sensitive to habitat change, they are good indicators of ecosystem integrity. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network partners with the University of Delaware to assess breeding-bird species trends in three different habitats: low-elevation riparian, pinyon-juniper, and sage shrubland. Find out which species were increasing and declining at network parks as of 2023. A speckled white bird floats on blue water. Dinosaurs of the National Park Service Dinosaur fossils have been discovered at or are associated with at least 27 NPS units. Geographically, their finds are concentrated in the parks of the Colorado Plateau, but they have been found from central Alaska to Big Bend National Park in Texas to Springfield Armory National Historic Site in Massachusetts. The most famous site is the Dinosaur Quarry of Dinosaur National Monument, but a rush of new finds since the 1970s has greatly expanded our knowledge. allosaurus fossil Landbird Population Trends in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network, 2024 Northern Colorado Plateau Network’s long-term landbird monitoring program provides habitat-based updates for bird population status and trends in the parks in the Northern Colorado Plateau. These inform scientists and managers about changes in bird populations and about the health of the habitats they depend on. Learn more about which species were detected in the network parks for the first time and which landbird populations were increasing or declining between 2005 - 2024. A bird sitting in a tree. Series: Park Paleontology News - Vol. 10, No. 2, Fall 2018 All across the park system, scientists, rangers, and interpreters are engaged in the important work of studying, protecting, and sharing our rich fossil heritage. <a href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/fossils/newsletters.htm">Park Paleontology news</a> provides a close up look at the important work of caring for these irreplaceable resources. <ul><li>Contribute to Park Paleontology News by contacting the <a href="https://www.nps.gov/common/utilities/sendmail/sendemail.cfm?o=5D8CD5B898DDBB8387BA1DBBFD02A8AE4FBD489F4FF88B9049&r=/subjects/geoscientistsinparks/photo-galleries.htm">newsletter editor</a></li><li>Learn more about <a href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/fossils/">Fossils & Paleontology</a> </li><li>Celebrate <a href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/fossilday/">National Fossil Day</a> with events across the nation</li></ul> NPS staff work to document a recently discovered slab of Navajo Sandstone

Pipe Spring National Monument Arizona A rope was the cowboy s all-purpose tool. With it he could make a temporary fence or pull firewood to camp. Most often it was used in working cattle, such as taking a calf to be branded. A good cow horse" had to be intelligent and strong, quick and sure-footed. A horse began working when it was 3 years old. By the time it was 1 0 a horse could be perfectly trained to work cattle. By the end of the Civil War Americans had settled the tier of States west of the Mississippi River. Further to the west was a vast, trackless grassland that stretched to the Rocky Mountains. Even to the hardy pioneers this prairie seemed fit only for buffalo and Indians. There was little water for raising crops and ten thousand seasons of grasses had built up a sod that was almost impenetrable to the plow. In the phrase of the day, this was "The Great American Desert." In this desert arose the legendary American cowboy. growing demand for beef in the East. The problem was how to get them to a market. The railroads that crossed the west after the Civil War were part of the answer. The other part was the cowboy, a man on a horse who could manage the unruly longhorns. Duringthespring roundup new calves were given the brand of their mothers. This gave each animal a permanent record of its ownership. New brands could be added if the animal was sold. Western cattle ranching was based upon the Texas longhorn. a wild and dangerous animal A cowboy on a ranch needed 7 to 10 horses, some for special tasks, but most so the cowboy would not wear them out when he spent hours in the saddle. These extra horses w e r e c a l l e d t h e remuda. The wrangler, an apprentice cowboy, was given many unpleasant jobs. He helped the cook and cleaned the camp. His most important task was caring for the remuda. National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Beans, beef, biscuits, and coffee were the staples of a c o w b o y s diet. With the addition of a few seasonings, a good cook could make a variety of dishes. Whether making biscuits and stew in the cookhouse or beans and bacon on the trail, the cook was important. A good cook kept the men content. A poor one could send them looking for a new job. During roundups and on the trail the chuckwagon was the cowb o y s home, kitchen, hospital, and moving van. The chuckwagon carried all the supplies needed during a roundup or cattle drive. The cowboy s bedroll consisted of a 7-by-1 6 foot canvas tarp to keep out dampness and quilts to keep in warmth when he was sleeping. It also stored his personal items and belongings. Cows and Cowboys The prairie could not be farmed, but its rich grasses provided ample feed for buffalo and the peculiar kind of cattle known as the Texas longhorn. The ancestors of the longhorns came from Spain. Some had escaped from the Texas ranches and had grown wild and wily on the range. As they learned to survive the harsh winters and defend themselves from predators, the longhorns became dangerous, especially to a man on foot. Nevertheless, some people saw that fortunes could be made from these "cows." Land was cheap, grass was free, and there was a Cowboys and horses are almost inseparable, but the cowboy had no particular love for the animal. A horse was only a tool used in tending cattle and working the range. The rest of the cowboys equipment was adopted for the same practical reason. His wide-brimmed hat kept the sun off his face, a neckerchief kept dust out of his nose and lungs, and a many-pocketed vest held his valuables. The cowboys boots were not made for walking, but for staying in a saddle for long hours and getting out of it quickly. The cowboy's daily rountine revolved around cattle and the ranch, but the spring and fall roundups were the main events of his year. In the spring cattle were gathered. They had spent the winter on the range, A blacksmith held hot iron with these tongs while it was being forged. A broad hatchet was used to square logs to make timbers. An oil lantern was a necessity before electricity came to Pipe Spring. A pistol, like this cap and ball revolver, was a part of a cowboy s equipment. It protected him from wild animals and sometimes helped control unruly cattle. In the saddle it was easier to use than a rifle. mingling with other herds, living off the grass, and giving birth to calves. Cowboys from neighboring ranches cooperated to drive all the cattle to a central location where each new calf was given the brand of its mother. The ranch owner kept count of the herd, for each addition meant an increase in his future profits. In the fall another roundup picked the cattle that were ready for market. This roundup led to the famous cattle drives. The weeks or months spent on the trail were a period of hardship and trial for the cowboy. He had to prove himself in a contest against the weather, Indians, and several hundred stubborn cattle. A day on the trail began early. When breakfast was o

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