Fallen Timbers Battlefield and Fort Miamis

Fallen Timbers Battlefield and Fort Miamis NHS https://www.nps.gov/fati/index.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallen_Timbers_Battlefield The Fallen Timbers Battlefield was the site of the Battle of Fallen Timbers on 20 August 1794. The battle, a decisive American victory over Native American and British opponents, effectively ended the Northwest Indian War, securing the Old Northwest for settlement. An area believed to be the battle site, located in Maumee, Ohio, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960. That site, now the Fallen Timbers State Memorial, is about 0.25 miles (0.40 km) south of the actual battlefield, which was identified in 1995, and much of which is now preserved as part of the Fallen Timbers Battlefield and Fort Miamis National Historic Site. The Battle of Fallen Timbers was the culminating event that demonstrated the tenacity of the American people in their quest for western expansion and the struggle for dominance in the Old Northwest Territory. The events resulted in the dispossession of American Indian tribes and a loss of colonial territory for the British military and settlers. The Battlefield in Maumee Ohio at the intersection of US23/I-475 and US24 (Anthony Wayne Trail). A parking lot and visitors center are located on Jerome Road, where the 1.4 Northwest Territory Trail loops through the wooded area where the 1795 Battle of Fallen Timbers took place. Fallen Timbers Monument A panoramic image of the monument site. The Fallen Timbers Monument includes a 10-foot bronze statue of General Wayne. Visitor Center An image of the newly completed visitor center. The Fallen Timbers Battlefield Visitor Center is not yet open to the public. Fallen Timbers Monument The Fallen Timbers monument site The monument site contains several features including this granite and broze monument near the Maumee River.

Whlh@Throaryh History *T""*?*rshFf .**-f* ffi L A Walk firrough History f his self-guide provides an I overview of the historic events that took place at the Battle of Fallen llmbers and Fort Miamis. lt illustrates various points of interest along the trail. Walk in the footsteps of some of early America's most remarkable figures as they shaped the history of 0hio, the United States, and North America. With the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the Revolutionary War officially ended and the United States received the Northwest Territory-the lands which eventually became 0hio, Michigan, lndiana, lllinois, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota. Native Americans living in this territory were not invited to participate in the Treaty of Paris negotiations and continued to occupythe lands promised to them through previous treaties with Great Britain. t The British maintained relationships with tribes in the region and did not withdraw from the area. Meanwhile, the U.S. set its sights on westward expansion and the prospect of profitable land sales in the Norlhwest Territory. The interests of these three groups collided in the contested region of Northwest 0hio, and the resulting conflict came to a head at the Battle of Fallen Timbers on August 20,1794. \c." ,+.* Conflict erupted as westward-moving settlers pushed into territory occupied by Native Americans north and west of the 0hio River. The Native Americans aimed to push back the Americans with the formation of an inter-tribal alliance-the Western Confederacy-that included members from across the Great Lakes Region. Members of the Wyandot, Delaware, Ottawa, Mingo, Shawnee, Miami, Kickapoo and othertribes joined this alliance. Leaders included Chiefs Little Turtle (Miami), BIue Jacket (Shawnee) and Buckongahelas (Delaware). The British supported the Western Confederacy with supplies. The organized opposition posed bythese Native Americans presented an alarming challenge to the United States. The series of confrontations and battles that ensued between the U.S. military and the Western Confederacy is known as Washington's lndian Wars or the Northwest Indian War. Following the Battle of Fallen Timbers, the Western Confederacy lost strength. In the summer of 1795, representatives from each tribe in the alliance metwith representatives of the United Statesto negotiate and sign the Treaty of Greeneville. The sale of Native American land in Southeast 0hio ultimately led to the American settlement of the Northwest Territories. The Baffle of Fallen Timbers The battle that took I ptace on August 20, 1794 was the last in a series of confrontations that led to the signing of the Treaty of Greeneville. Against the unified Western Confedera cy, the United States suffered humiliating losses under Josiah Harmar (1790) and Arthur St. Clair (1791). President Washington and the U.S. Congress, in response to these losses and the threat to their new territory, commissioned General "Mad Anthony" Wayne to command and train a professional American Legion that could finally defeat the Western Confederacy. Training of the Legion began in 1792 and continued throughout Wayne's campaign. In the summer of 1793, Wayne began marching approximately 1,500 men north from Fort Washington (Cincinnati) to where the Western Confederacy and British Fort Miamis were positioned. After spending the winter at Fort Greeneville (Fort Greene Ville), the U.S. Legion reached the banks of the Maumee River in August 1794.0n the night before the battle, the American Legion camped at Roche de Bout (now Waterville) depositing their extra gear. They left their camp on the morning of August 20 and upon reaching the field of battle, the soldiers moved into formation, spreading their forces along a Fori Miamis line nearly one-mile long. The right flank, consisting of the First and Third sublegions, received the brunt of the attack from the Western Confederacy and their Canadian allies. The Second and Fourth sub-legions successfully defended the army's leftflank. Kentucky volunteers also played a pivotal role by surrounding the Native American warrior, forcing their retreat. The entire battle took less than two hours-with direct engagement lasting about 45 minutes. Wayne ordered the men to prepare for a second attack, but once he realized the Native American forces would not return, he ordered the men to march five miles north to the British garrison at Fort Miamis. The United States army camped near the fort, but neither side engaged in violence as both the British and American commanders had been ordered to avoid engagement at all costs. The Americans did not enter the Fort. When the Native Americans retreated, they knew not to look for shelter under the British at Fort Miamis and so were compelled to travel 12 miles to safety at the mouth of Swan Creek. Casualties in the battle were nearly even, with an estimated 30-50 dead on each side; however, the aftermath of the battle favored the United