Lewis & Clark

Upper Missouri River (3B) Montana Lewis and Clark Memorial (40) Lewis and Clark State Park (16) Beacon Rock (77) Fort Mandan (31 ) Oregon Coast (82) The Corps of Discovery The Lewis and Clark Expedition was one of the most dramatic and significant episodes in the history of the United States. It stands, incomparably, as our Nation's epic in documented exploration of the American West. In 1804-06, it carried the destiny as well as the flag of our young Nation westward, from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean , across thousands of miles of land known only to the native Indian Tribes. This epic feat fired the imagination of the American people and made them feel the full sweep of the continent on which they lived. In its scope and achievements, the Expedition towers among the major explorations of the world . In 1803, the United States, while attempting to purchase New Orleans from France, was unexpectedly sold the entire territory called Louisiana. This enormous, 838,000-squaremile area doubled the size of our nationa l domain. It included most of the lands drained by the western tributaries of the Mississippi River, from the Gulf of Mexico to present Canada, and west to the Continental Divide. Although Thomas Jefferson had previously proposed expeditions of western exploration , the purchase of Louisiana now provided the impetus to move forward and Congress authorized the Expedition. A primary objective was to find a practical transportation link between the Louisiana Territory and the "Oregon Country," claimed by the U.S. following discovery of th e mouth of the Columbia River by Captain Robert Gray in 1792. However, the Expedition was conceived as more than geographic exploration. Jefferson wanted information on the resources and inhabitants of the new territory. The party was to scientifically observe and , if practicable, collect plant, animal , and mineral specimens; record weather data; study native cultures; conduct diplomatic councils with the tribes; map geographic features "of a permanent kind" along their route; and record all important observations and events through daily journal entries. Assigning high priority to the quest for knowledge, Lewis and Clark meticulously recorded observations ab ou t the characteristics, inhabitants, and resources of the country through which they passed. Not many explorers in the history of the world have provided such exhaustive and accurate information on the regions they probed . Before the Expedition, the trans-Mississippi West was an unmapped land. The members of the Expedition made their way through this vast country, living off its resources and adapting themselves to its harsh conditions. On foot, on horseback, and by boat they pushed over massive mountain rang es, across seemingly endless plains, through dense forests, and against powerfu l currents of raging waters. Meriwether Lewis began the journey at Washington D.C., on July 5, 1803. At Pittsburgh, he gathered supplies of arms and mil itary stores from Harp ers Ferry and Schuylkill (Philadelphia) Arsenals. These and a wide assortment of other items were loaded aboard a specially designed keelboat, on which Lewis "with a party of 11 hands" departed down the Ohio River, August 30 . Other men were recruited along the way. At Clarksville, opposite Louisville, Lewis was joined by his co-commander, William Clark. The party established its 1803-04 winter camp along the Mississippi River, above St. Louis at Wood River (Illinois), opposite the mouth of the Missouri River. After a winter of diplomatic duties and final preparations, the explorers, on May 14, 1804, headed their boats into the current of the river "under a jentle brease." The party numbered 45 from Wood River to its 1804-05 wi nter establishment at Fort Mandan ( orth Dakota) and 33 from Mandan to the Paci ic and return in 1805-06. This included Gia s blac slave, York. Also accompanying the party throughout the journey was Lewis' Newfoundland dog, Seaman. Ascending the Missouri in 1804 proved arduous and slow as the men towed the keelboat and two smaller more maneuverable craft, called pirogues, against the swift current. Sergeant Charles Floyd, the only Expedition member to die on the journey, succumbed to apparent appendicitis and was buried near present Sioux City, Iowa. The difficulties of the fi rst summer and autumn forged the party into a hardened "Corps of Discovery." The first of many councils with Indian Tribes took place north of present Omaha, Nebraska, at a place the captains called "Councile Bluff." Here they gave presents and peace medals to the Oto chiefs and informed them of the new sovereignty of the United States. 18 miles around the falls. They reached the source of the Missouri in August. Miraculously, the Shoshoni band contacted there were Sacagawea's people, led by her brother, Chief Cameahwait. This remarkable coincidence , together with Sacagawea's ability to speak Shoshoni, greatly enhanced the trading for horses. These were needed for travel over the Continental Divide and through the Bitterroot Mountains to navigable waters of the Clearwater River (Idaho). Here, the party made new dugout canoes, left their horses with the friendly Nez Perce Indians, and were once again waterborne . Navigating down the Clearwater, Snake, and Columbia Rivers, the explorers, in November 1805, reached the "great Pacific Otcean which we been so long anxious to See." The north shore of the Columbia estuary proved sparse of game and too exposed to the fury of winter storms, so they crossed to the south side of the river. In December 1805, the Expedition constructed Fort Clatsop on a sheltered site near present Astoria, Oregon. The winter months wer wet and dismal; Christmas dinner consi ted of spoiled elk meat. Their 4112-month sic y at Fort Clatsop was a busy time. The c plains worked over their field notes and maps, entertained and bartered with Indians fo r food , and gained from them important geographic and ethnographic information. They sent hunters out daily and dispatched a detail of men to the ocean to make salt by boiling sea water. On March 23, 1806, after the disappointment of no contact with coastal trading vessels for possible return by sea, he Corps of Discovery began the long Struggling upstream against the current of the Columbia, they traded their canoes to Indians for pack horses near today's The Dalles, Oregon. Traveling overland, they returned to the Nez Perce villages and retrieved the horses left there but met nearly a month's delay in crossing the Bitterroots due to deep snow. In July 1806, they reached Travelers Rest Camp near present Missoula, Montana. Here, the party divided. Lewis, with a small detachment, explored today's Blackfoot, Sun, and Marias Rivers and became engaged in the most serious Indian skirmish of the entire journey. Two Blackfoot Indians were killed. Clark and his group headed southeast to the Yellowstone River traversing Shoshoni tribal lands. Sacagawea contributed important guide services to C!ark as she pointed out Indian trails that led to the Yellowstone. Clark and his party once again made dugout canoes and explored the river downstream to its conflu ence with the Missouri whe re they met Lewis' party. After a short stop at the Mandan villages , the homeward-bound voyageurs made a rapid descent of the Missouri to St. Louis, arriving there on September 23, 1806. The Expedition spent a productive 1inter at Fort Mandan, which they built in November 1804 near present Washburn , North Dakota. The fort was close to the five Knife River villages of the friendly Mandan and Minitari (Hidatsa) Indians. Here the com manders gained valuable knowledge of the count ry west to the Rockies and recruited as interpreters the French-Canadian fur trader, Toussaint Charbonneau , and his Shoshoni wife, Sacagawea. Together with their newborn son, Jean Baptiste, they would journey with the party to the Pacific and back to the Mandan villages. The Lewis and Clark Expedition traveled more than 8,000 miles over a period of 2 years , 4 months, and 10 days. Its findings contributed vital new knowledge concerning the vast western land, its resources , and its native inhabitants. The resulting geographical impact of the mission had far-reaching effects upon international boundaries and relations. The Lewis and Clark journals are among the treasures of our Nation's written history, disclosing in simple eloquence, extraordinary deeds of a sincere, determined frontier breed, that endure as a lasting legacy to be enjoyed by all Americans. In April 1805, the keelboat departed for St. Louis , and the "permanent party" of 33 continued up the Missouri in the two pirogues and six dugout canoes. As they forged westward , the explorers met dangers as a matter of course, suffering hunger, fatigue, privation, and sickness. They encountered the Great Falls of the issouri in mid -J une 1805 and spent 3 weeks portaging their heavy canoes and equipment trek home. ' Lev.:s and C 11 B tterroot" by O)mer // ' Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (2) Pompeys Pillar (37) Missouri River (20) Clark's Signature (37) The Co-Commanders Meriwether Lewis was born August 18, 1774, near Charlottesville, Virginia, and was a boyhood neighbor of Thomas Jefferson. In 1794, Lewis joined the militia and, at the rank of Ensign, was attached to a sublegion of General "Mad Anthony" Wayne commanded by Lieutenant William Clark. In sharing the experiences of the Northwest Campaign against the British and Indians, Lewis and Clark fashioned the bonds of an enduring friendship. On March 6, 1801, Lewis, as a young Army Captain in Pittsburgh, received a letter from the soon-to-be-inaugurated President, Thomas Jefferson, offering Lewis a position as his secretary-aide. It said , "Your knolege of the Western country, of the army, and of all it's interests & relations has rendered it desireable for public as well as private purposes that you should be engaged in that office ." Lewis readily accepted the position. The reference to Lewis' "knolege of the Ecola State Park (82) Western country" hinted that Jefferson was again planning an expedition to explore the West and had tentatively decided that Lewis would be its commander. On February 28, 1803, Congress appropriated funds for the Expedition, and Lewis, who had worked closely with Jefferson on preparations for it, was commissioned its leader. capability and background, he and Lewis shared much in common. They were relatively young , intelligent, adventurous, resourceful , and courageous. Born leaders, experienced woodsmen-frontiersmen, and seasoned Army officers, they were cool in crises and quick to make decisions . Clark, many times over, would prove to be the right choice as joint leader of the Expedition. In temperament, Lewis and Clark were opposites. Lewis was introverted , melancholic, and moody; Clark , extroverted , eventempered, and gregarious. The better- Their relationship ranks high in the realm of notable uman associations. It was a rare example of two men of noble heart and conscience sharing responsibilities for the conduct of a dangerous enterprise without ever losing the other's respect or loyalty. Despi e he frequent stress, hardships, and other condr ions that could easily have bred jealousy, mistrust, or contempt, they proved to be se lf -effacing brothers in command and leadership. During their long journey, there is not a single trace of a serious quarrel or dispute between them. As he made arrangements for the Expedition, Lewis concluded it would be desi rable to have a co-commander. With Jefferson's consent, he offered the assignment o his friend and former commanding officer, William Clark, who was living with his brother, George Rogers, at Clarksville, Indiana Territory. Clark accepted, stating in his reply, ''The enterprise &c. is Such as I have long anticipated and am much pleased .... My friend, I do assure you that no man lives whith whome I would perfur to undertake Such a Trip &c. as yourself. " After the Expedition , Lewis was appointed Governor of Louisiana Territory; Clark was promoted o t'l rigadier General and appointed Also a native Virginian, Clark, born August 1, 1770, was 4 years older than Lewis. In Sergeant Floyd Monument (18) Bitterroot (Lewisia Redivivo educated and more refined Lewis, who possessed philosophical , romantic, and speculative mind, was at home with abstract ideas; Clark, of a pragmatic mold, was more of a practical man of action. Each supplied vital qualities which balanced their partnership. LOk> Tra .62 1 Lev. s !"d 0 Center \41 Pra irie Dog Hat Rock {72) to the Superintendency of Indian Affairs. Lewis, at age 35, died tragically on October 11 , 1809, just 3 years after the Expedition. His grave lies within Natchez Trace National Parkway, near Hohenwald, Tennessee. Thomas Jefferson, who held life-long affection for his protege, is credited with the Latin inscription on Lewis' tombstone: lmmaturus obi: sed tu felicior annos Vive meos, Bona Republica! Vive tuos. (I died young: but thou, 0 Good Republic, live out my years for me with better fortune.) Clark lived a long and productive life in St. Louis, dying September 1, 1838, age 68. He is buried in the Clark family plot. In deserved tribute , both Meriwether Lewis and William Clark are recognized members of that generation of our young nation's heroes who launched within themselves a drive of nationalistic vision and patriotic will that would form the spirit and richness of American history itself. Fort Clatsop {BO) Exploring with Lewis and Clark Today you can follow in the footsteps of Lewis and Clark, exploring the route they traveled and reliving the adventure of the Corps of Discovery. By boat or canoe, by car, or on foot, you can retrace portions of their historic route. Along the way, you will learn about the Expedition from numerous interpretive signs, exhibits, museums, visitor centers, and living history displays. Some of these are identified on the map on the reverse side of this brochure. They are keyed by number to the accompanying text and to the pictures on this side. In 1978, Congress established the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail as a component of the National Trails System. The National Park Service administers the trail in partnership with many Federal , State, and local agencies, private organizations, and private landowners. These cooperating interests manage existing retracement routes, recreational and interpretive sites , and work to develop additional opportunities. The Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail provides three types of ret ra ceme nt opportunities: Water Trail-Portions of Lewi s and Clark's route where the Expedition traveled by watercraft. These can be retraced by boat or canoe. Long portions of the rivers they traveled are today impounded lakes. Dams on the Columbia and Snake Rivers have locks; those on the Missouri do not. Commercial boat trips are available on some segments, such as the Upper Missouri National Wild and Scenic River (38) and the Gates of the Mountains (48). Land Trail-Portions of the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail that will be developed for travel on foot and/or horseback. Segments open fo r public use: Katy Trail State Park (6), the Lolo Trai l (62), and the trail over Tillamook Head in Ecola State Park (82). Motor Route-Portions of Lewis and Clark's overland route where modern-day roads closely follow the historic route. These three types of retracement opportunities and selected interpretation and recreation sites are shown on the map. Because it is only a general map, it may be necessary to consult highway maps or make local inquiry to find these routes/sites. Some sites have no development and/or public access. Please respect the rights of private property owners. The entire route of Lewis and Clark can be approximately retraced by following the Lewis and Clark Trail Highway established by State highway agencies in th e late 1960's. The highway is mark ed with rectangular signs that utilize the same figures of Lewis and Clark as the national historic trail marker. Additional information can be obtained from state tourism agencies , park and recreation areas, and historical societies, as well as local chambers of commerce, and other public agencies. Many of them publish information and maps about specific sites and segments of the Lewis and Clark Trail. Contacting state tourism agencies is a good way to start. The US Forest Service publishes several informative brochures and maps of Lewis and Clark in the Rocky Mountains and on the Lolo Trail. Contact the Clearwater National Forest, 12730 Highway 12, Orofino, Idaho 83544. Information on the Upper Missouri National Wild and Scenic River segment can be obtained from the Bureau of Land Management, P.O. Box 1160, Lewistown , Montana 59457. Several excellent guide books to the trail have been published and are available in most bookstores . These generally provide a comprehensive source of site and segment specific ma ps and information, as well as hotel, camping, and other travel information. The National Park Service maintains a Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail home page on the World Wide Web. The site includes a list of major sites , a calendar of events, relevant publ ications, and periodic updates on trail activities, including planning for the coming bicentennial observance of the Expedition's 1804 - 1806 journey. The site can be accessed at http://www.nps.gov/lecl. Information on certification of sites or segments , marking the trail , and trail administration can be obtained by writing to: Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail, 700 Rayovac Drive, Suite 100, Madison , Wisconsin 53711 , or telephone 608-264-5610. You Can Help establish the trail and promote public interest in matters relating to the Lewis and Clark Expedition by joining or supporting the efforts of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. The Foundation promotes public interest in Lewis and Clark, publishes an informative quarterly magazine, holds an annual meeting, and assists the National Park Service in its efforts. Information can be obtained by writing to: Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation , Inc., P.O. Box 3434, Great Falls , Montana 59403. The Foundation's web site can be accessed at http://www.lewisandclark.org. A N A --1\ -·. - .. - .·- .. -·· - .. -- ..- ·· - .·- .. c:: D ~··- ··-. ·- .. - .·-· ·-· ·- ·-··-··-·· -··-··-··-··---· ·, \'.. \ \ Ct! \ I Cb {.) a ' River \ .... \ i \ i i ·, I T A "----...._/ ----- N A '·' J Yel/owst0 \\ \\e ·, Water Trail Land Trail <' Motor Trail Expedition Route - No Retracement Trail Proposed ( - -·-·-·-·-·-·-·-<· ·-·-·-·-·-·-·-j ·-·-·-·-· '"'-·-·-· ;-·-·-·-·-·-·-~-· e Historic Site or Recreation Area ....... ,_ AKO ~ A I E G -·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-··-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-· ,_; 0 0 a N 100 ml 50 50 100 km N A This brochure wa s coope ratively pre pared by the National Park Se rvice and the Lewis and Cla rk Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. \ A November 1997 H -·-·-·---·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·---·-· I I I -·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·r·-·-·-·-·-·! ! ·-·-·-·-·-·- ! I 2. Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Commemorates President Jefferson's vision of the continental destiny of the United States, evidenced by his sponsorship of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Excellent Lewis and Clark interpretation may be seen in the Museum of Westward Expansion under the 630foot stainless steel "arch" in St. Louis. 3. Bellefontaine Cemetery William Clark's grave. 4. SI. Charles - The Expeaition camped 'here May 16 - 20, 1804, while Lewis completed business in St. Louis. The Lewis and C lark Center on Riverside Drive interprets the Expedition through excellent exhibits, literature, and educational programs. 5. Tavern Cave - Lewis and Clark visited this cave on May 23, 1804. Lewis narrowly avoided a 300-foot fall near the cave. No public access to the cave but an interpretive sign and marker are located in the vi llage of St. Albans. 6. Katy Trail State Park This rail-trail traces Lewis and Clark's route on the Missouri River for 165 miles from St. Charles to Franklin. The Manitou Bluffs noted by Clark in his journal can be seen from the trail. Hiking, bicycling, interpretive signs. 7. Arrow Rock State Park C lark noted Arrow Rock Bluff as they passed it on June 9, 1804. Interpretive sign and museum exhibits. 14. Lewis and Clark Monument - Located in Council Bluffs, Iowa, park. 15. Fort Atkinson State Historical Park - The "Councile Bluff" where Lewi s and Clark held the first council with the Oto and Missouri Indians on August 3, 1804, is just east of the fort. Clark's report that the site was ideal for a fort led to the construction of Fort Atkinson in 1820. Visitor center. ·---·-·-·-·---·-·-·---·-·--- G 18. Sergeant Floyd Monument and Welcome Center - An obelisk marks the grave of Sergeant Charles Floyd, Jr., who died August 20, 1804, of natural causes. A Welcome Center with a small museum located on a steamboat in Sioux City interprets th e site. 19. Ponca State Park - An overlook provides a comprehensive view of the Missouri River valley. Interpretive exhibits, hiking and horseback trails. 20. Missouri National Recreational River - Two free-flowing segments totaling 98 miles that still exhibit the river conditions and adjacent natural landscapes encountered by the Expedition. 21. Ionia Volcano - On August 24, 1804, Clark recorded, 'Those bluffs appear to have been lately on fire.' Access permitted by private landowner. Interpretive sign in Newcastle city park. 22. Spirit Mound - On August 25 1804. Lewis and Clark walked to this conical hill which the Indians believed to be the residence of "little people or Spirits.' Interpretive sign along State Route 19 about 7 miles north of Vermillion. 23. Calumet Bluff - The Expedition's council with the Yankton Sioux at this site is interpreted nearby at Gavins Point Dam Visitor Center and at Lewis and Clark State Recreation Area, South Dakota. 24. Gavins Point Dam Visitor Center - Excellent Lewis and Clark interpretation . 25. Niobrara State Park Interpretive Center with Lewi s and Clark exhibits. 26. Chamberlain/Oacoma An interpretive sign at the 1-90 Visitor CenJer commemorates Lewis and Clark's visit to this area. Akta Lakota Museum interprets th e Sioux nation cu lture. Hiki ng on the 6-mile Lewi s and C lark Discovery Trail. . Teton Council Site Lewis and Clark held a council with the Teton Sioux on September 25, 1804, at the mouth of the Bad River. Action that was perceived as hostile created a confrontation that nearly came to armed conflict. Interpretive sign at the Verendrye Monument. 28. Site of Fort Manuel Location of Missouri Fur Company post where Sacagawea died December 20, 1812. No public access. Interpretive sign on bluff along State Route 1806 south of Kenel. 29. Fort Abraham Lincoln State Park - Contains the site of an abandoned Mandan village noted by Clark in his journal. Five earth lodges have been reconstructed. 30. North Dakota Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center - Interpretive displays provide an overview of the Expedition with an emphasis on the w A I i 17. Blackbird Hill - On August 11, 1804, Lewis and Clark visited and decorated the grave of the great Omaha Indian Chief Blackbird atop this hill. An interpretive pavilion on Highway 75 near Decatur, Nebraska, commemorates the site. 13. Western Historic Trails Center - Located on the Missouri River near Interstate 80, the center introduces visitors to the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail and three western emigrant trails. N N i I 9. National Frontier Trails Center - Located in Independence, this center has museum exhibits that examine the Lewis and Clark Expedition and the fur trade era, as well as other western historic trails. 12. Indian Cave State Park - The Expedition encountered a violent storm near this location and camped here on July 14, 1804. Interpretive exhibits and a panoramic view of the Missouri River. M ·-·-·-·-·-·-·--i I 16. Lewis and Clark State Park - Interpretive signs and a full-scale keelboat replica. Living history programs and annual Lewis and Clark Festival in late June. 11. Independence Park Interpretive sign about the Expedition's camp of July 4 , 1804, and the naming of Independence Creek by the captains. 0 0 ·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·r ·- ·-·-·-·-·-· 8. Fon Osage Reconstruction of fort built in 1808 under supervision of Clark as Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Louisiana Territory. 10. Fort Leavenworth Lewis and Clark interpretive exhibits; hiking trail through hardwood forests visited by the Expedition; Frontier Army Museum. y i ; ; i 1. Lewis and Clark State Memorial - Monument commemorates the Expedition's preparations during the winter of 1803 1804 at "Camp Wood." The actual site has been obliterated by river channel migration . w Mand n wint er of 1804 - 05. Exhibi s of Am erican Indian cultur~s and the Bergq uist Galler} featuring artwork of the Upper Missouri by Karl Bodm~r. 31. Fort Mandan Park Located a few miles downstream of the actual site, this park contains a replic"i of th e Expedition' 1804-05 winter quart ers. 32. Knife Rlvor Indian Villages National Historic Site - Remnant. of 111100 Hidatsr villages vlsll d by Lewis ~nd Clark during the 1804-05 wint or stay at ort Mand n. Visitor Contor. 33. Four Boors Park Interpretive Conlor focuGlng on the Arikare. M ndo n. nd Hidatsa Indian lncluthng informbtion on LowlGona Clark. 34. Lewis and Clark State Park - Near here, Lewis was s~ot and seriously wounded by the nearsight Cruzatte in a hunting accident on the return journey. Interpretive sign. 35. Confluence of the MissoLri and Yellowstone Rivers - Lewis and Clark located the confluence in April 1805. Recognizing its strateg ic importance, they recommended a trading post be built at the site. Fort Union was built by the American Fur Company near the confluence in 1828. Today, Fort Union Trading Post N tional Historic Site is open t the public. An exhi bit interprets Lewis and Clark's visit to the area. Fort Buford State Historic Site, nearby, preserves the remains of a military fort constructed near the conflu nee in 1866. 1 36. Fo rt Peck Dam 1 lnterpr~tive sign at spillway and at overlooks. i t 37. Pompeys Pillar Named by Clark ' Pompy's Tower" for Sacagawea's son whom he had nicknamed "Pomp." Clark inscribed his own name and the date in the rock on July 25, 1806. Burea u of Land Management Visitor Center. 38. Upper Missouri National Wild and Scenic River - This 149-mile segment from Kipp State Park upstream to Fort Benton provides excellent opportunities for retracing a section of the Expedition route that is little changed since 1805-06. Commercial boat trips available. 39. Marlas River - The explorers spent 9 days in June 1805 determining the Marias was not the main stem of th e Missouri River. Interpretive sign at nearby Loma . Montana. 40. Fon Benton - On the riverfront levee in lhis historic town is a heroicsized statue of Lewis and Clark, Sacagawea, and her son , Jean Baptiste Charbonneau. Bureau of Land Management Visitor Center featuring Lewis and Clark. 41 . Camp Disappointment Northernmost point reached by Lewis on his Marias River exploration. Access permitted across private lands. An interpretive sign about the site is located on U.S. Highway 2 about 22 miles west of Cut Bank. 42. Two Medicine Fight Site - Lewis and three of his men clashed at this site with eight Blackfeet Indians. Two Indians were killed . Access by permission from private landowner. 43. Great Falls - Lewis described them as "this sublimely grand specticle." The falls, as they appear today, may be viewed from E A B S K A Montana Power Company's Ryan Dam Park and its series of scenic overlooks. Interpretive signs_ 44. Portage Around the Great Falls - The navigational obstacle of the Great Falls detained the Expedition for nearly a month in 1805 while boats and supplies were portaged 18 miles. Most of the route is privately owned and nol accessible to the public. 45. Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail Interpretive Center - US Forest Service operated center with excellent interpretation of the Lewi s and Clark Trail. Displays interpret the portage around the Great Falls and other aspects of the Expedition . Emphasis on the Expedition's relationships wrth the Indian Tribes of thO Northern Plains. 46. Giant Springs Heritage State Park - Clark discovered this huge 'fountain or spring" during the portage around the Great Falls. Interpretive signs. LL 1-·-·-·-·-·-·---·- -·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-· I Gallatin Rivers join to form th e Missouri, the park has excellent Lewis and Clark interpretation. 51. Beaverhead Rock State Monument Sacagawea recognized this landmark and told th e captains that her people, the Shoshonis, would be camped not far beyond . Interpretive sign 2.5 miles south on State Route 41 . 52. Clark's Lookout State Monument - Scenic overlook of Beaverhead Valley climbed by Clark on August 13, 1805. Presently undeveloped. 47. Lewis and Clark Pass Lewis and his party crossed this pass east- bound in 1806 following an Indian trai l shortcut to the Great Falls. Accessible by foot trail. 53. Camp Fortunate Overlook - Near here Lewis and the Shoshonis waited for the arrival of Clark and the main party. Named Camp Fortunate by the captains because of Clark's timely arrival and the fact that Sacagawea proved to be Chief Cameahwairs sister. 48. Gates of the Mountains - Spectacular Missouri River canyon named by Lewis. Commercial boat trips available. 54. Lemhi Pass - Point at which Lewis and Clark first crossed the Continental Divide and left the territory of the Louisiana Purchase. Access on unimproved road. 49. Canyon Ferry 55. Cameahwait's Shoshoni Camp - Site of Shoshoni village where Lewis and Clark obtained horses for crossing the Bitterroot Mountains. No public access. Recreation Areas Numerous state recreation areas are located around Canyon Ferry Lake. Some have Lewis and Clark interpretation. 50. Missouri Headwaters Stale Park - Localed where the Jefferson, Madison, and ' : N 0 56. Lost Trail Pass Interpretive sign, hiking trails in th e Salmon and Bltteroot Natio nal Forests. 57. Ross' Hole - Site where Lewis and Clark met the Flathead Indians. 58. Travelers Rest - The Expedition camped here September 9 - 11, 1805, and June 30-July 3. 1806. On the return journey, the Expedition separat ed here into two parti es. Inte rpretive sign near junction of US Highways 93 and 12. 59. t.o1olflo't 'Spri ngs - The Expedition camped and bathed here on June 29, 1806. Commercially operated. 60. Packer Meadows - Site of September 13, 1805, camp. Interpretive sign, views of the Bitterroot Mountains similar to those experienced by Lewis and Clark. 61. Lolo Pass Visitor Center - Lewis and Clark displays, "Lewis and Clark Across the Lolo Trail" brochure available. 62. Lolo Trail - Historic Nez Perce Indian trail used by Lewis and Clark in 1805 and 1806 to cross the Bitterroot Mountains. Forest Service Road 500, a primrtive unsurfaced road known as the Lolo Motorway, closely follows the historic route. Portions of the actual trail in the Clearwater National Forest are marked and open to hiking and horseback riding. Interpretive signs. 63. Lewis and Clnrk "Long Camp" (Noz Porco NHP) - The Expedition campe9 here 27 days in tho spring di 1806 waifing for snow to, melt In lho Billorroot Mountains beloro cro sing them. lnterprelivo sign. 64. We. ppe Pralrlo (Nez Perce HP) - Lowis and Clark made conloct with t110 Nez Pet·ce Indiana horo after nearly starving wl1ilo crossin g the Blllorrool Mountains we tbound. Interpretive sign. 65. Ca noe Camp (Nez Perce HP) - The Expedit'on camped here f