Kalaupapa

Kalaupapa National Historical Park Hawaii National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior The Legacy of Kalaupapa National Historical Park The island of Moloka'i Kalaupapa National Historical Park Hoolehua trail to topside A living historical community and fragile natural paradise N Kaunakakai 10.0 mi 16.1 km N Nihoa Point 6 Waikolu Valley Kalaupapa cemeteries 2 5 Kauhako‒ crater lighthouse 4 Kalawao St. Philomena Church 3 1 6 3 'Okala ‒ Mokapu Huelo NE tradewinds ‒ Kuka'iwa'a Point 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 cliffs and islands zone high valleys zone Historical location of canoe transport and current location of rare native species. Historic taro cultivation and current location of significant native species biodiversity. intertidal and reef zone Historic location of canoe houses, and fishing and shellfish harvesting activities. coastal scrub zone Historic location of taro, sweet potato, chicken, cattle, and pig farming. - crater zone kauhako Current location of low elevation windward dryland forest of native trees and shrubs. coastal beach zone Historic and current location of sea salt harvesting. Present History of the Kalaupapa Peninsula outside interaction Pre-contact Early historic 1200 -1794 1795 -1865 1 2 inter-island trade 2 outside trade Kalawao settlement 1866-1932 Kalaupapa settlement 1888-1969 hansen’s disease quarantine hansen’s disease quarantine patient banishment, kanaka maoli relocation medical staff present, more patients arrive Saint Damien, Brother Dutton Mother Marianne, Bishop Home for Girls National Historical Park established (1980) farming practices taro, sweet potato, pigs, chickens staple crops exhausted, cattle, food imported patient gardens, food imported limited hunting, food imported fishing practices shellfish harvesting, limited harvesting, coast and ocean fishing coast and ocean fishing overharvesting, crabbing, fish netting crabbing, fish netting, food imported limited fishing, food imported notable species sea turtle, 'ohi'a tree, silversword ironwood tree, lantana, axis deer intact rainforest invasive plants The high Waikolu Valley supports a native 'ohi'a forest and endangered Hawaiian petrels. Non-native plants like Christmas berry and lantana use water and space, outcompeting native plants. remnant dryland forest invasive animals forced exile ends, very limited tourism agriculture, Kalaupapa decline and then Field System intensified agriculture wiliwili tree, kukui nut tree Key Resource Stressors 1969- cultural feature taro, sweet potato, onions, goats Key Natural Resources feral goats and pigs, Christmas berry Kauhako- Crater is habitat for native Hawaiian hoary bats and the native wiliwili tree. intact coastal vegetation Native loulu palms are found on Huelo Island and the groundcover hinahina in the coastal scrub zone. intact marine habitat Reefs and beaches support native 'opihi limpets, sea turtles, and endangered Hawaiian monk seals. Hawaiian monk seal, strawberry guava Expanding populations of wild goats, pigs, and axis deer damage native habitat and spread invasive plants. regional overfishing An abundance of marine life is attracting more and more fishing. storm runoff Topside runoff delivers pollutants, sediment, and excess nutrients to freshwater streams and coastal zone. climate change Variable rainfall, rising sea level, and warming sea temperatures could jeopardize native plants and animals. PS ISLAND NET W RK ng www.nps.gov FIC N McCoy, Mark D. 2007. A Revised Late Holocene Culture History for Molokai Island, Hawaii. Radiocarbon 49(3):1273-1322. Viernes-Stein, Erika. In prep. Affected Environment section on Archaeology for the General Management Plan for Kalaupapa National Historical Park. National Park Service O 1200 is the earliest known date within the park boundary with C14 samples from the kula fields in coastal Kalawao and from lo'i in Waikolu Valley. Earlier dates exist but are not considered reliable. 2 1794/1795 represent turning points in the rise and fall of the Hawaiian Kingdom. PA CI 1 i Inv or ento nit ry & Mo Pacific Island Network Inventory & Monitoring Program science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/pacn/ Integration & Application Network (IAN) University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science www.ian.umces.edu