MattamuskeetWildlife |
Wildlife at Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in North Carolina. Published by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS).
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U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Mattamuskeet and
Swanquarter
National
Wildlife
Refuges
Wildlife
List
photo: F. Eugene Hester
tundra swan
Mattamuskeet and
Swanquarter National
Wildlife Refuges are
located in Hyde County,
North Carolina. They
are two of over 548
National Wildlife Refuges
administered by the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service,
Department of the Interior.
The National Wildlife
Refuge System is an
extensive network of lands
and waters protected and
managed especially for
Mattamuskeet National Wildlife
Refuge, established in 1934, consists
of 50,180 acres of open water, marsh,
timber, and cropland. The refuge’s
main feature is Lake Mattamuskeet,
the largest natural lake in North
Carolina. Although 40,000 acres in
size, the lake only averages two feet
deep. The Refuge is well known for
the thousands of wintering waterfowl
it attracts each year.
This blue goose,
designed by
J. N. “Ding”
Darling, has
become a symbol
of the National
Wildlife
Refuge
System.
Swanquarter National Wildlife
Refuge is 16,411 acres of saltmarsh
islands and forested wetlands
interspersed with potholes, creeks,
and drains. Established in 1932, the
refuge provides wintering habitat for
puddle and diving ducks, and nesting
habitat for colonial waterbirds.
Approximately 8,800 acres are
included in the
National Wilderness
Preservation
System.
photo: F. Eugene Hester
Mattamuskeet
and
Swanquarter
National
Wildlife
Refuges
photo: Keith Sylvester photo: F. Eugene Hester
northern shoveler
bald eagle
wood duck
This wildlife
checklist is provided
to acquaint refuge
visitors with birds,
mammals, reptiles
and amphibians of
both Mattamuskeet
and Swanquarter
Refuges. Observing
wildlife can be enjoyable. Field
guides and binoculars are
recommended to help identify
wildlife that you observe. Visitors
are encouraged to report any rare
or unusual sightings to the refuge
headquarters.
Mammals
Most mammals are secretive and
wary of humans. Many of them are
active at night. So don’t expect to see
all the mammalian species on this
list. Mattamuskeet and Swanquarter
Refuges host 41 species of mammals.
Tracks and scats may be the only
traces of mammals that you will see
during your visit. A field guide will be
helpful to identify a mammal by the
evidence it leaves behind.
Marsupials
Opossum
Insectivores
Southeastern Shrew
Short-tailed Shrew
Least Shrew
Bats
Big Brown Bat
Silver-haired Bat
Eastern Pipistrelle Bat
Brazilian Free-tailed Bat
Eastern Mole
Star-nosed Mole
Red Bat
Hoary Bat
Evening Bat
Rabbits
Eastern Cottontail
Marsh Rabbit
Rodents
Gray Squirrel
Southern Flying Squirrel
Beaver
Rice Rat
Eastern Harvest Mouse
Golden Mouse
White-footed Mouse
Cotton Mouse
Carnivores
Red Fox
Gray Fox
Red Wolf
Black Bear
Raccoon
Hispid Cotton Rat
Meadow Vole
Muskrat
Black Rat
Norway Rat
House Mouse
Nutria
Long-tailed Weasel
Mink
River Otter
Bobcat
Marine Mammals
Atlantic Bottlenosed Dolphin
Manatee
Hoofed Mammals
White-tailed Deer
Amphibians
Toads, frogs, and salamanders belong to the class
Amphibia, derived from the Greek “amphibious” meaning
“living a double life.” These clawless, moist-skinned
animals pass through a larval stage as young, usually
in an aquatic environment, before growing into adults.
Mattamuskeet and Swanquarter Refuges provide habitat
for 24 amphibian species.
Salamanders
Greater Siren
Eastern Newt
Dwarf Mudpuppy
Two-toed Amphiuma
Marbled Salamander
Southern Dusky Salamander
Slimy Salamander
Toads
Eastern Spadefoot Toad
Oak Toad
Southern Toad
Fowler’s Toad
Eastern Narrowmouth Toad
Frogs
Southern Cricket Frog
Gray Treefrog
Green Treefrog
Spring Peeper
Pine Woods Treefrog
Squirrel Treefrog
Little Grass Frog
Brimley’s Chorus Frog
Bullfrog
Green Frog
Southern Leopard Frog
Carpenter Frog
Reptiles
Reptiles have skin covered with scales or plates. Snakes
and a few lizards are legless. Other reptiles have two
pairs of limbs each with five clawed toes. Reptiles include
turtles, snakes, lizards and the alligator. The diversity
of habitats at Mattamuskeet and Swanquarter Refuges
supports 44 reptilian species.
Alligator
American Alligator
Turtles
Snapping Turtle
Eastern Mud Turtle
River Cooter
Florida Cooter
Painted Turtle
Lizards
Carolina Anole
Five-lined Skink
Southeastern Five-lined Skink
Snakes
Worm Snake
Black Racer
Ringneck Snake
Corn Snake
Greenish Rat Snake
Mud Snake
Rainbow Snake
Eastern Hognose Snake
Eastern Kingsnake
Redbelly Turtle
Yellowbelly Slider
Spotted Turtle
Diamondback Terrapin
Eastern Box Turtle
Broadhead Skink
Ground Skink
Eastern Glass Lizard
Brown Water Snake
Rough Green Snake
Glossy Crayfish Snake
Brown Snake
Redbelly Snake
Carolina Watersnake
Eastern Ribbon Snake
Eastern Garter Snake
Rough Earth Snake
Scarlet Kingsnake
Copperhead
Redbelly Water Snake
Cottonmouth
Banded Water Snake
Canebrake Rattlesnake
Northern Water Snake
Pygmy Rattlesnake
Carolina Swamp Snake
Birds
Mattamuskeet and Swanquarter Refuges are wintering
grounds for large numbers of ducks, geese and swans.
Ospreys nest in low cypress trees near the edge of Lake
Mattamuskeet and are seen at both refuges. The marshes
and woodlands provide a variety of habitat for over 200
avian species. To maximize your avian encounters, learn
bird field marks and songs, explore a variety of habitats
and visit the refuge often. The seasonal occurrence and
abundance of these species are coded as follows:
Seasonal appearance
Sp - Spring
S - Summer
F - Fall
W - Winter
March - May
June - August
September- November
December - February
Seasonal abundance
a - abundant (a species which is numerous)
c
- common (certain to be seen or heard in suitable
habitat)
u
- uncommon (present but not certain to be seen)
o
- occasional (seen only a few times during a season)
r
- rare (seen at intervals of 2 to 5 years)
*
- nests on the refuge
SP
S
F
W
Swans, Geese & Ducks
___Fulvous Whistling-Duck.....................
r
___Greater White-fronted Goose............
r
___Snow Goose..........................................
c
___Ross’s Goose.........................................
o
___Brant.....................................................
r
___Cackling Goose....................................
o
___Canada Goose*....................................c
c
c
___Mute Swan............................................r
r
___Tundra Swan........................................o
r
a
___Wood Duck*.........................................u
u
c
___Gadwall.................................................u
o
c
___Eurasian Wigeon.................................
o
___American Wigeon................................u
c
r
r
c
o
r
o
c
r
a
c
c
o
c
SP
S
F
___American Black Duck*.......................u
o
c
___Mallard*...............................................u
u
c
___Blue-winged Teal.................................u
c
___Northern Shoveler..............................o
c
___Northern Pintail..................................
c
___Green-winged Teal..............................
c
___Canvasback..........................................
u
___Redhead................................................
u
___Ring-necked Duck...............................
c
___Greater Scaup......................................
u
___Lesser Scaup........................................
u
___Harlequin Duck...................................
___Surf Scoter...........................................
u
___White-winged Scoter..........................
o
___Black Scoter.........................................
u
___Long-tailed Duck.................................
u
___Bufflehead............................................
c
___Common Goldeneye............................
u
___Hooded Merganser.............................
u
___Common Merganser...........................
r
___Red-breasted Merganser...................
u
___Ruddy Duck.........................................
c
W
c
c
u
c
c
a
u
u
c
u
u
r
u
o
u
u
c
u
u
u
u
c
Turkey & New World Quail
___Wild Turkey..........................................o
___Northern Bobwhite*...........................u
o
u
o
u
o
u
Loons
___Red-throated Loon..............................
___Common Loon......................................
u
u
c
c
Grebes
___Pied-billed Grebe*...............................u
u
c
___Horned Grebe......................................u
___Eared Grebe.........................................
r
c
u
r
Gannets
___Northern Gannet.................................
r
u
Pelicans, Cormorants & Anhinga
___American White Pelican.....................
___Brown Pelican......................................u
u
___Double-crested Cormorant................c
u
___Great Cormorant.................................
___Anhinga.................................................o
o
u
u
c
r
o
u
u
c
r
o
Bitterns & Herons
___American Bittern*..............................u
___Least Bittern*.....................................u
___Great Blue Heron*..............................c
___Great Egret..........................................c
___Snowy Egret........................................c
___Little Blue Heron................................u
u
o
c
c
u
u
u
r
c
c
u
u
u
u
c
c
c
u
SP
S
___Tricolored Heron.................................u
u
___Reddish Egret.....................................
___Cattle Egret.........................................o
u
___Green Heron*......................................c
c
___Black-crowned Night-Heron*...........u
u
___Yellow-crowned Night-Heron............o
o
F W
u u
r
r
u r
u r
u u
r
Ibises
___White Ibis.............................................o
___Glossy Ibis............................................u
o
u
u
u
o
o
Vultures
___Black Vulture*.....................................u
___Turkey Vulture*...................................c
u
c
u
c
u
c
Hawks & Eagles
___Osprey*.................................................c
c
u o
___Bald Eagle............................................o
o
u u
___Northern Harrier................................u
c
c
___Sharp-shinned Hawk*........................o
r
u u
___Cooper’s Hawk....................................u
u
u u
___Red-shouldered Hawk........................u
u
u u
___Broad-winged Hawk...........................
o
___Red-tailed Hawk*................................u
u
c
c
___Rough-legged Hawk...........................
r
___Golden Eagle........................................
r
r
Falcons
___American Kestrel................................
___Merlin....................................................
___Peregrine Falcon..................................
c
u
u
Rails, Gallinues & Coots
___Yellow Rail............................................
r
___Black Rail.............................................u
u
___Clapper Rail*.......................................u
u
u
___King Rail*.............................................u
u
u
___Virginia Rail.........................................u
u
___Sora.......................................................u
u
___Common Moorhen...............................u
u
o
___American Coot.....................................c
o
a
Cranes
___Sandhill Crane.....................................
r
Plovers
___Black-bellied Plover............................u
u
___American Golden-Plover....................r
___Wilson’s Plover....................................u
___Semipalmated Plover..........................u
u
___Killdeer*...............................................o
o
u
o
u
u
o
c
u
u
r
r
u
u
u
o
c
r
u
o
o
u
SP
Oystercatchers
___American Oystercatcher....................
S
F W
o
Avocets & Stilts
___Black-necked Stilt...............................o
___American Avocet..................................
o
r
r
r
Sandpipers
___Spotted Sandpiper...............................u
u
___Solitary Sandpiper..............................u
___Greater Yellowlegs..............................o
o
___Willet*...................................................u
u
___Lesser Yellowlegs................................u
o
___Upland Sandpiper...............................r
___Whimbrel..............................................o
___Hudsonian Godwit...............................
___Marbled Godwit...................................o
o
___Ruddy Turnstone.................................o
___Red Knot..............................................o
___Sanderling............................................o
___Semipalmated Sandpiper...................u
u
___Western Sandpiper..............................u
u
___Least Sandpiper..................................u
___Baird’s Sandpiper................................
___Pectoral Sandpiper..............................o
u
___Dunlin...................................................o
u
___Ruff........................................................
___Short-billed Dowitcher.......................o
___Long-billed Dowitcher........................o
___Wilson’s Snipe......................................u
u
___American Woodcock............................o
o
___Red-necked Phalarope........................
u
u
u
o
u
r
o
r
o
r
o
o
u
u
u
r
u
u
r
u
u
u
u
r
Gulls, Terns, & Skimmers
___Laughing Gull......................................c
c
c
___Black-headed Gull...............................
r
___Bonaparte’s Gull..................................o
u
___Ring-billed Gull....................................c
c
c
___Herring Gull.........................................c
c
c
___Great Black-backed Gull....................o
c
___Least Tern............................................
u
___Gull-billed Tern....................................
o
___Caspian Tern........................................o
o
o
___Black Tern............................................
o
___Common Tern*....................................u
u
u
___Forster’s Tern*....................................u
u
u
___Royal Tern............................................o
o
o
___Sandwich Tern.....................................
r
___Black Skimmer....................................o
o
r
r
u
o
o
u
u
o
r
u
u
u
c
o
r
u
c
c
c
u
r
r
SP
Doves
___Mourning Dove*..................................c
S
F
W
c
c
c
u
r
o
r
Owls
___Barn Owl...............................................o
o
___Eastern Screech-Owl*........................u
u
___Great Horned Owl*.............................u
u
___Barred Owl*.........................................u
u
___Northern Saw-whet Owl.....................
o
u
u
u
r
Nightjars
___Common Nighthawk...........................u
___Chuck-will’s-widow*............................u
___Whip-poor-will.....................................
u
u
u
u
u
u
Swifts
___Chimney Swift.....................................u
u
o
Hummingbirds
___Ruby-throated Hummingbird*..........u
u
o
r
Kingfishers
___Belted Kingfisher................................c
c
c
c
Woodpeckers
___Red-headed Woodpecker*..................o
o
___Red-bellied Woodpecker*...................c
c
___Yellow-bellied Sapsucker....................u
___Downy Woodpecker*..........................u
u
___Hairy Woodpecker*............................u
u
___Northern Flicker*...............................c
c
___Pileated Woodpecker*........................u
u
o
c
u
u
u
c
u
o
c
u
u
u
c
u
Cuckoos
___Yellow-billed Cuckoo*.........................u
___Black-billed Cuckoo............................r
Flycatchers
___Eastern Wood-Pewee*........................u
u
u
___Acadian Flycatcher.............................u
u
___Eastern Phoebe...................................o
u
u
___Ash-throated Flycatcher....................
r
___Great Crested Flycatcher*................u
u
o
___Tropical Kingbird................................
___Western Kingbird................................
r
___Eastern Kingbird*..............................u
u
o
o
u
u
u
r
c
r
r
Shrikes
___Loggerhead Shrike.............................
r
Vireos
___White-eyed Vireo*...............................u
u
u
___Bell’s Vireo...........................................
r
r
SP
S
___Yellow-throated Vireo.........................o
o
___Blue-headed Vireo...............................o
___Red-eyed Vireo*..................................u
u
F
o
o
u
W
Jays & Crows
___Blue Jay*..............................................u
___American Crow*..................................c
___Fish Crow*...........................................c
u
c
c
u
c
c
Larks
___Horned Lark........................................
r
u
c
c
Swallows
___Purple Martin......................................u
u
___Tree Swallow........................................o
u
a
___Northern Rough-winged Swallow.....u
___Cave Swallow.......................................
___Barn Swallow*.....................................c
c
o
o
a
r
r
Titmice, Nuthatches & Creepers
___Carolina Chickadee*...........................c
c
___Tufted Titmouse*................................c
c
___Red-breasted Nuthatch......................
___White-breasted Nuthatch*................o
o
___Brown-headed Nuthatch*..................u
u
___Brown Creeper....................................
c
c
r
o
u
o
c
c
r
o
u
o
Wrens
___Carolina Wren*....................................c
c
___House Wren*........................................u
u
___Winter Wren.........................................
___Sedge Wren..........................................
___Marsh Wren*.......................................u
u
c
u
u
u
u
c
u
u
u
u
Kinglets & Gnatcatchers
___Golden-crowned Kinglet.....................
___Ruby-crowned Kinglet........................u
u
___Blue-gray Gnatcatcher*.....................o
o
o
u
c
o
Thrushes
___Eastern Bluebird*...............................u
u
___Swainson’s Thrush..............................o
o
___Hermit Thrush....................................u
u
___Wood Thrush*......................................u
u
u
___American Robin*.................................c
c
u
Mockingbirds & Thrashers
___Gray Catbird*......................................u
___Northern Mockingbird*.....................c
___Brown Thrasher*................................u
u
c
u
u
c
u
o
u
u
u
c
u
SP
Starling
___European Starling*.............................c
S
F
W
c
c
c
Pipits
___American Pipit.....................................
u
u
Waxwings
___Cedar Waxwing....................................u
u
u
Wood Warblers
___Orange-crowned Warbler...................
u u
___Nashville Warbler................................
o
r
___Northern Parula..................................u
o
u r
___Yellow Warbler*...................................o
o
r
r
___Chestnut-sided Warbler.....................r
u r
___Magnolia Warbler................................r
___Cape May Warbler..............................r
r
___Black-throated Blue Warbler.............o
o
o
___Yellow-rumped Warbler......................c
c
c
___Black-throated Green Warbler..........o
o
___Blackburnian Warbler........................r
___Yellow-throated Warbler*..................u
u
o
r
___Pine Warbler*......................................u
u
u u
___Prairie Warbler*..................................u
u
o o
___Palm Warbler.......................................u
u u
___Blackpoll Warbler................................o
___Black-and-white Warbler...................o
u
u o
___American Redstart..............................u
u
u
___Prothonotary Warbler*......................u
u
___Worm-eating Warbler.........................o
o
___Swainson’s Warbler.............................r
r
___Ovenbird...............................................u
u
u
___Northern Waterthrush.......................o
o
r
___MacGillivray’s Warbler.......................
r
___Common Yellowthroat*......................c
c
c
c
___Hooded Warbler*................................u
u
___Canada Warbler...................................r
u r
___Yellow-breasted Chat..........................o
o
r
Sparrows & Allies
___Eastern Towhee*.................................c
c
c
c
___American Tree Sparrow.....................
r
___Chipping Sparrow...............................o
o
u u
___Field Sparrow......................................u
u
u u
___Vesper Sparrow...................................
o
___Lark Sparrow......................................
r
___Savannah Sparrow..............................u
u c
___Grasshopper Sparrow.........................
r
___Henslow’s Sparrow.............................
r
___Saltmarsh Sparrow.............................
o o
___Seaside Sparrow*................................u
u
u u
___Fox Sparrow.........................................u
u u
___Song Sparrow......................................u
u c
SP
S
F
___Swamp Sparrow..................................u
u
___White-throated Sparrow....................u
u
___White-crowned Sparrow....................
o
___Dark-eyed Junco.................................u
u
___Snow Bunting.......................................
Tanagers
___Summer Tanager.................................u
___Scarlet Tanager...................................r
W
c
c
o
u
r
u
Cardinals & Allies
___Northern Cardinal*............................c
c
___Blue Grosbeak*...................................u
u
___Indigo Bunting*...................................u
u
___Painted Bunting...................................
c
u
u
r
Blackbirds
___Bobolink................................................o
o
___Red-winged Blackbird*......................a
a
a
___Eastern Meadowlark*........................c
c
c
___Yellow-headed Blackbird....................r
r
___Rusty Blackbird...................................
___Brewer’s Blackbird.............................
___Common Grackle*...............................c
c
c
___Boat-tailed Grackle.............................u
u
u
___Brown-headed Cowbird*....................c
u
u
___Orchard Oriole*...................................u
u
o
___Baltimore Oriole..................................
o
c
r
a
c
r
o
r
a
u
c
r
u
u
r
u
r
Old World Sparrows
___House Sparrow*..................................u
u
photo: F. Eugene Hester
Finches
___Purple Finch........................................o
o
___House Finch.........................................u
u
___Pine Siskin............................................
___American Goldfinch.............................u
___Evening Grosbeak...............................
lesser yellowlegs
u
u
Sighting Notes
Date
Time
Weather
No. of species
Route or area
Observers
photo: Larry Ditto
Remarks
photo: F. Eugene Hester
northern pintail
king rail
pileated woodpecker
photo: F. Eugene Hester
Mattamuskeet
National Wildlife Refuge
38 Mattamuskeet Road
Swan Quarter, North Carolina 27885
252/926 4021
http://fws.gov/mattamuskeet
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
1 800/344 WILD
December 2010