WildlifeAmphibian, Reptile and Mammal |
Amphibian, Reptile and Mammal at St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in Florida. Published by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS).
featured in
![]() | Florida Pocket Maps | ![]() |
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
St. Marks
National Wildlife Refuge
Amphibian, Reptile
and Mammal List
alligator - Tom Darragh
deer: Joe Bonislawsky
gopher tortoise - Pierson Hill
squirrel tree frog: Pierson Hill
Frosted flatwoods salamander: Pierson Hill eastern coachwhip: Mike Keys
This blue goose,
designed by J.N. “Ding”
Darling, has become a
symbol of the National
Wildlife Refuge System.
The St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge was established
in 1931 and today encompasses 70,000 acres. It’s wide
diversity of habitats,
including open water,
salt marsh, swamps,
freshwater pools,
hardwoods, and
upland pine areas
make the refuge home
for an equally wide
variety of wildlife.
The St. Marks
NWR provides nesting habitat for these Federal and
State endangered and threatened birds: the Southern
bald eagle, least tern, and red-cockaded woodpecker.
Other endangered or rare species include the woodstork,
swallow-tailed kite, peregrine falcon, American alligator,
Eastern indigo snake and the
Florida black bear. Visitors
may also observe loggerhead
sea turtles and West Indian
manatees offshore from the
lighthouse. Many state-listed
threatened and endangered
plants are also found on the
refuge.
The following list contains the 38 species of amphibians, 69
species of reptiles, and 44 species of mammals compiled from
observations, consultation with experts in respective fields, and
literature research. Some species are more common seasonally
and some are nocturnal.
Look for evidence such
as tracks, burrows, grass
tunnels, and other signs
of activity. Careful eyes
and attentive ears can
uncover numerous clues
to the variety of wildlife
present. Night spotting
of animals with artificial
lights is prohibited.
Salamanders, Newts, and Sirens (Order Caudata)
Frosted Flatwoods Salamander FL, SL (Ambystoma
cingulatum)
Marbled Salamander HR (Ambystoma opacum)
Mole Salamander (Ambystoma talpoideum)
Two-toed Amphiuma (Amphiuma means)
One-toed Amphiuma (Amphiuma pholeter)
Southern Dusky Salamander (Desmognathus
auriculatus)
Southern Two-lined Salamander (Eurycea cirrigera)
Three-lined Salamander NC (Eurycea guttolineata)
Coastal Plain Dwarf Salamander (Eurycea
quadridigitata)
Gulf Coast Waterdog (Necturus cf. beyeri)
Striped Newt HR, PE, SL (Notophthalmus perstriatus)
Central Newt (Notophthalmus viridescens louisianensis)
Southeastern Slimy Salamander (Plethodon grobmani)
Slender Dwarf Siren (Pseudobranchus striatus
spheniscus)
Rusty Mud Salamander NC (Pseudotriton montanus
floridanus)
Southern Red Salamander NC (Pseudotriton ruber
vioscai)
Eastern Lesser Siren (Siren intermedia intermedia)
Greater Siren (Siren lacertina)
Frogs and Toads (Order Anura)
Southern Cricket Frog (Acris gryllus) Call: “click, click,
click” like two marbles tapping.
Oak Toad (Bufo (Anaxyrus) quercicus) Call: Bird-like
“peep, peep, peep.”
Southern Toad (Bufo (Anaxyrus) terrestris) Call: A long,
high-pitched trill.
Greenhouse Frog NN (Euhyas (Eleutherodactylus)
planirostris) Call: A faint “chirp”.
Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad (Gastrophryne
carolinensis) Call: “Baaah” like a sheep.
Cope’s Gray Treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) Call: A highpitched rapid trill.
Green Treefrog (Hyla cinerea) Call: A nasal “gronk,
gronk, gronk.”
Pine Woods Treefrog (Hyla femoralis) Call: Similar
cadence to Morse code tapping.
Barking Treefrog (Hyla gratiosa) Call: Like a bike horn
or distant barking dogs.
Squirrel Treefrog (Hyla squirella) Call: Raspy :quank, quank,
quank.”
Southern Spring Peeper (Pseudacris crucifer bartramiana)
Call: High-pitched series of whistles and trills.
Southern Chorus Frog (Pseudacris nigrita) Call: Like running
a fingernail along the teeth of a comb.
Little Grass Frog (Pseudacris ocularis) Call: A high-pitched
chirp.
Ornate Chorus Frog (Pseudacris ornata) Call: Quick, metallic
peeps.
Florida Gopher Frog HR, PE, SL Rana capito) Call: Like an old
man snoring.
Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) Call: Deep, resonant
“jug-o-rum”.
Bronze Frog (Rana clamitans) Call: Like a banjo.
Pig Frog (Rana grylio) Call: A pig-like “grunt, grunt, grunt.”
River Frog (Rana heckscheri) Call: Deep snores and grunts.
Florida Leopard Frog (Rana sphenocephalus sphenocephala)
Call: Squeaky, like rubbing a wet balloon.
Eastern Spadefoot (Scaphiopus holbrookii) Call: “Squonk” or
“Quonk.”
Lizards (Order Squamata, Suborder Sauria)
Northern Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis carolinensis)
Six-lined Racerunner (Aspidoscelis sexlineatus)
Southern Coal Skink NC (Plestiodon anthracinus
pluvialis)
Northern Mole Skink (Plestiodon egregius similis)
Common Five-lined Skink (Plestiodon fasciatus)
Southeastern Five-lined Skink (Plestiodon inexpectatus)
Broad-headed Skink (Plestiodon laticeps)
Eastern Slender Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus attenuatus
longicaudus)
Island Glass Lizard HR, TU (Ophisaurus compressus)
Mimic Glass Lizard HR, TU (Ophisaurus mimicus)
Eastern Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus ventralis)
Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus)
Ground Brown Skink (Scincella lateralis)
Snakes (Order Squamata, Suborder Serpentes)
Florida Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti)
Northern Scarlet Snake (Cemophora coccinea copei)
Southern Black Racer (Coluber constrictor priapus)
Eastern Diamond-backed Rattlesnake (Crotalus
admanteus)
Southern Ring-necked Snake (Diadophis punctatus
punctatus)
Eastern Indigo Snake HR, PE, FL, SL (Drymarchon corais
couperi)
Eastern Cornsnake SL (Pantherophis (Elaphe) guttatus)
Eastern (Gray) Ratsnake (Pantherophis (Elaphe)
obsoletus )
Eastern Mudsnake (Farancia abacura abacura)
Common Rainbow Snake HR (Farancia erytrogramma
erytrogramma)
Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon platirhinos)
Southern Hog-nosed Snake HR, PE (Heterodon simus)
Eastern Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula getula)
Scarlet Kingsnake (Lampropeltis triangulum elapsoides)
Eastern Coachwhip (Masticophus flagellum flagellum)
Eastern Coralsnake (Micrurus fulvius)
Gulf Saltmarsh Snake (Nerodia clarkii clarkii)
Red-belly Watersnake NC (Nerodia erythogaster erythogaster)
Banded Watersnake (Nerodia fasciata fasciata)
Florida Green Watersnake (Nerodia floridana)
Brown Watersnake (Nerodia taxispilota)
Rough Greensnake (Opheodrys aestivus )
Florida Pinesnake SL (Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus)
Striped Crayfish Snake (Regina alleni)
Glossy Crayfish Snake (Regina rigida rigida)
Pine Woods SnakeNC (Rhadinaea flavilata)
Northern Florida Swampsnake (Seminatrix pygaea pygaea)
Dusky Pygmy Rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri)
Midland Brownsnake (Storeria dekayi wrightorum)
Florida Redbelly Snake (Storeria occipitomaculata obscura)
Blue-striped Ribbonsnake (Thamnophis sauritus nitae)
Peninsula Ribbonsnake (Thamnophis sauritus sackenii)
Blue-striped Gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis similis)
Eastern Gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis)
Rough Earthsnake (Virginia striatula)
Eastern Earthsnake (Virginia valeriae valeriae)
Crocodilians (Order Crocodylia)
American Alligator FL (Alligator mississippiensis)
Turtles (Order Chelonia)
Florida Softshell (Apalone ferox)
Loggerhead Sea Turtle MW, FL, SL (Caretta caretta)
Green Turtle MW, FL, SL (Chelonia mydas)
Florida Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina osceola)
Spotted Turtle HR (Clemmys guttata)
Eastern Chicken Turtle (Deirochelys reticularia
reticularia)
Leatherback Seaturtle MW, FL, SL (Dermochelys coriacea)
Gopher Tortoise SL (Gopherus polyphemus)
Striped Mud Turtle (Kinosternon baurii)
Atlantic Ridley Seaturtle MW, FL, SL (Lepidochelys kempii)
Alligator Snapping Turtle NC (Macrochelys temminckii)
Ornate Diamond-backed Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin
macrospilota)
Florida Cooter (Pseudemys floridana)
Suwannee Cooter SL (Pseudemys concinna suwanniensis)
Loggerhead Musk Turtle NC (Sternotherus minor minor)
Common Musk Turtle (Sternotherus odoratus)
Gulf Coast Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina major)
Yellow-bellied Slider (Trachemys scripta scripta)
Small Mammals (Order Mammalia)
Southeastern Shrew (Sorex longirostris)
Southern Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina carolinensis)
Least Shrew (Cryptotis parva)
Eastern Mole (Scalopus aquaticus)
Southeastern Myotis (Myotis austroriparius)
Eastern Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus)
Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus)
Eastern Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis)
Seminole Bat (Lasiurus seminolus)
Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus)
Northern Yellow Bat (Lasiurus intermedius)
Evening Bat (Nycticeius humeralis)
Rafinesque’s Big-Eared Bat (Plecotus rafinesqueii)
Brazilian Free-tailed Bat (Tadaria brasiliensis)
Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys palustris)
Cotton Mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus)
Golden Mouse (Ochrotomys nuttalli)
Hispid Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus)
Eastern Woodrat (Neotoma floridana)
Pine Vole (Microtus pinetorum)
Black Rat (Rattus rattus)
Norway Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
House Mouse (Mus musculus)
Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans)
Medium-sized Mammals (Order Mammalia)
Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana)
Nine-banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)
Marsh Rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris)
Eastern Cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus)
Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger)
Beaver (Castor canadensis)
Round-tailed Muskrat (Neofiber alleni)
Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)
Raccoon (Procyon lotor)
Longtail weasel (Mustela frenata)
Mink (Mustela vison)
Eastern Spotted Skunk (Spilogale putorius)
Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)
River Otter (Lutra canadensis)
Large-sized Mammals (Order Mammalia)
Coyote (Canis latrans)
Florida Black Bear (Ursus americanus floridanus)
Bobcat (Lynx rufus)
Feral Hog (Sus scrofa)
White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostrus)
Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
Codes
HR = historic record from refuge
NC = not confirmed on refuge but local area is within
range
NN = non native (human introduction; not range
expansion)
PE = potentially extirpated from refuge and local area
SL = state of Florida listed species
FL = federally listed species
MW = inhabiting nearshore and offshore marine or state
waters
TU = taxonomic uncertainty
manatee: FWS staff
SIGHTING NOTES
Date
Weather
Route or Area
Observers
Species sighted
Remarks
Time
bobcat: Judy Bakstram
fawn: Teresa Darragh
fox: Carol Miller
Please report
reliable
observations
of species
not included
in this list to
the Refuge
office.
Photographs
help
substantiate
observations.
Thank you.
St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge
1255 Lighthouse Road
P. O. Box 68
St. Marks, Florida 32355
850/925 6121
http://www.fws.gov/saintmarks
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
1 800/344 WILD
http://www.fws.gov/southeast
September 2010