Santa Susana PassState Historic Park - California |
Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park is located on the boundary between Ventura and Los Angeles counties, between the communities of Chatsworth and Simi Valley. Geologically, the park is located where the Simi Hills meet the Santa Susana Mountains. Here in the western part of the Transverse Ranges, the land is dominated by high, narrow ridges and deep canyons covered with an abundant variety of plant life. The park offers panoramic views of the rugged natural landscape as a striking contrast to the developed communities nearby. The park is also rich in archaeological, historical and cultural significance.
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Vintage USGS - Los Angeles - 1949
Vintage 1949 USGS 1:250000 Map of Los Angeles in California. Published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=611
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Susana_Pass_State_Historic_Park
Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park is located on the boundary between Ventura and Los Angeles counties, between the communities of Chatsworth and Simi Valley. Geologically, the park is located where the Simi Hills meet the Santa Susana Mountains. Here in the western part of the Transverse Ranges, the land is dominated by high, narrow ridges and deep canyons covered with an abundant variety of plant life. The park offers panoramic views of the rugged natural landscape as a striking contrast to the developed communities nearby. The park is also rich in archaeological, historical and cultural significance.
Santa Susana
Pass
State Historic Park
Our Mission
The mission of California State Parks is
to provide for the health, inspiration and
education of the people of California by helping
to preserve the state’s extraordinary biological
diversity, protecting its most valued natural and
cultural resources, and creating opportunities
for high-quality outdoor recreation.
The story of Santa
Susana Pass includes
an ancient Native
American trail, rock
outcrops used as shelter
and storage by native
California State Parks supports equal access.
Prior to arrival, visitors with disabilities who
need assistance should contact the park at
(818) 784-4849. If you need this publication in an
alternate format, contact interp@parks.ca.gov.
CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS
P.O. Box 942896
Sacramento, CA 94296-0001
For information call: (800) 777-0369
(916) 653-6995, outside the U.S.
711, TTY relay service
www.parks.ca.gov
Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park
Chatsworth, CA 91311
(818) 784-4849
SantaSusana@parks.ca.gov
© 2010 California State Parks (Rev. 2016)
people, and hair-raising
stagecoach trips down the
Devil’s Slide.
S anta Susana Pass State Historic Park —
where the Simi Hills meet the Santa Susana
Mountains — is rich in natural and cultural
significance. Its largely undisturbed landscape
contains part of a historic transportation corridor
between Missions San Buenaventura and San
Fernando. The park’s Santa Susana Stage Road
was once a segment of the famous Butterfield
Overland Stage Route, and the road was also
used by Wells, Fargo & Company as a route
between Los Angeles and Santa Barbara.
PARK HISTORY
Native People
Three native groups lived here before European
contact — Chumash to the west, Tongva to the
east, and to the north, a group called Tataviam.
The sandstone outcrops surrounding the pass
provided overhangs for shelter, shallow basins
for collecting rainwater, and stone ledges for
grinding seeds and acorns. The steep road over
the Santa Susana Pass was originally a foot trail
linking villages, such as Momonga in the San
Fernando Valley with Shimiyi in Simi Valley. In
the Ventureño Chumash language, this pass was
called kasi’wey.
The arrival of Europeans brought diseases
such as smallpox and measles, to which the
native people had no resistance. Although large
numbers of Chumash, Tongva, and Tataviam
people died, descendants of these local native
groups still live in the area and have revived
many of their cultural traditions.
Santa Susana Pass
The last Spanish governor of California, Pablo
Vicente de Sola, requested laborers from
Mission San Fernando to widen and improve
the pass to accommodate carretas (ox-driven
carts), as well as herds of sheep and cattle.
In 1859, the State and local counties funded
a contract with James P. Thompson to improve
the existing oxcart route to accommodate
stagecoaches and flat-bottomed mud wagons.
It opened in 1861 as the Coast Stage Line, used
by the Butterfield Overland Company to deliver
mail between Los Angeles and San Francisco.
The trail’s precipitous grade earned it the
name “Devil’s Slide.” Drivers employed various
strategies to keep from losing control of the
stagecoach. Passengers walked up the steep
places carrying rocks to place behind wheels to
allow the horses to rest. Downhill, the wheels
Mud wagon
were chained together to assist in braking;
otherwise, “a streak of fire” would radiate from
the brakes rubbing on overheating iron rims.
The Santa Susana Stage Road is listed in
the National Register of Historic Places.
The Spahn Ranch
The park’s sandstone bedrock gives a
wide-open “badlands” look, used as the
background for many western films and
television programs. The 500-acre Spahn
Ranch, located within the park’s northern
boundary, was one of several “movie ranches”
in the area. Between the late 1940s and the
late 1960s, dozens of films and television
shows — including The Lone Ranger, The Roy
Rogers Show, and Bonanza episodes — were
filmed here. In 1970, a wildfire destroyed all
of the buildings on the former movie ranch.
NATURAL HISTORY
Panoramic views of the wild landscape provide
striking contrast to the developed communities
nearby. The western part of the Transverse
Ranges is dominated by high, narrow ridges and
deep canyons covered with a variety of plant life.
Geology
The park’s distinct sandstone crags are part
of the late Cretaceous Chatsworth Formation,
formed some 70 million years ago when
sediments were shed from uplifting granite
mountains into a deep sea debris fan.
Plant Life
Sandstone rock outcrops shelter
the rare Santa Susana tarplant, while the moister
slopes support denser vegetation.
Typical shrubs in the canyons include coastal
sagebrush, buckwheat, laurel sumac, and
chamise. Riparian species such as willow and
Mexican elderberry grow well. In larger riparian
channels, coast live oak, California walnut, and
sycamore create a dense canopy. Spring rains
produce mariposa lilies, maroon monkey flowers,
and wild lilacs.
Wildlife
Birds, repti
Parque Histórico Estatal
Santa Susana
Pass
Nuestra Misión
La misión de California State Parks es proporcionar
apoyo para la salud, la inspiración y la educación
de los ciudadanos de California al ayudar a
preservar la extraordinaria diversidad biológica
del estado, proteger sus más valiosos recursos
naturales y culturales, y crear oportunidades para
la recreación al aire libre de alta calidad.
La historia del Paso de
Santa Susana incluye un
antiguo sendero de los
nativos estadounidenses,
afloramientos de roca
que los indígenas usaban
California State Parks apoya la igualdad de
acceso. Antes de llegar, los visitantes con
discapacidades que necesiten asistencia
deben comunicarse con el parque llamando
al (818) 784-4849. Si necesita esta publicación
en un formato alternativo, comuníquese con
interp@parks.ca.gov.
CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS
P.O. Box 942896
Sacramento, CA 94296-0001
Para obtener más información, llame al:
(800) 777-0369 o (916) 653-6995, fuera de los
EE. UU. o 711, servicio de teléfono de texto.
www.parks.ca.gov
Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park
Chatsworth, CA 91311
(818) 784-4849
SantaSusana@parks.ca.gov
© 2010 California State Parks (Rev. 2016)
como refugio y almacén,
y viajes de diligencia
escalofriantes bajando
por Devil’s Slide.
E l Parque Histórico Estatal Paso de Santa
Susana, donde las colinas Simi Hills se
encuentran con las Montañas de Santa
Susana, es rico por su valor natural y cultural.
Su paisaje en gran parte intacto contiene parte
de un corredor histórico de transporte entre las
Misiones San Buenaventura y San Fernando. El
camino Santa Susana Stage Road del parque
una vez fue parte de la famosa ruta Butterfield
Overland Stage Route, y el camino también fue
usado por Wells, Fargo & Company como una
ruta entre Los Ángeles y Santa Bárbara.
HISTORIA DEL PARQUE
Pueblos nativos
Tres grupos indígenas vivieron aquí antes
del contacto europeo, los Chumash al oeste,
los Tongva al este y al norte un grupo
llamado Tataviam.
Los afloramientos de piedra arenisca
que rodean el paso ofrecían cobertura para
refugiarse, cuencas poco profundas para
recolectar agua de lluvia y salientes de piedra
para moler semillas y bellotas. El camino
inclinado sobre el Paso de Santa Susana
originalmente era un sendero que enlazaba
aldeas, como Momonga en el Valle de San
Fernando con Shimiyi en el Valle Simi. En el
idioma Chumash Ventureño, este paso era
llamado kasi’wey.
La llegada de los europeos trajo
enfermedades como la viruela y el sarampión,
para las cuales los pueblos indígenas no tenían
resistencia. Si bien murió una gran cantidad de
integrantes de los Chumash, Tongva y Tataviam,
los descendientes de estos grupos nativos
locales todavía viven en el área y han revivido
muchas de sus tradiciones culturales.
Paso de Santa Susana
El último gobernador español de California,
Pablo Vicente de Sola, solicitó obreros de la
Misión San Fernando para ampliar y mejorar el
paso a fin de poder adaptarse a carretas tiradas
por bueyes, así como a rebaños de ovejas y
ganado vacuno.
En 1859, el Estado y los condados locales
llegaron a un acuerdo con James P. Thompson
para mejorar la ruta existente para carretas
tiradas por bueyes a fin de adaptarse a las
diligencias y carretas de base plana. Abrió en
1861 como la línea Coast Stage Line, usada por
la compañía Butterfly Overland Company para
Carreta
transportar correos entre Los Ángeles y
San Francisco.
La pendiente escarpada del sendero
le mereció el nombre de “Devil’s Slide”
(“Pendiente del diablo”). Los conductores
emplearon diversas estrategias para evitar
perder el control de las diligencias. Los
pasajeros subían los lugares empinados
llevando rocas para colocar debajo de las
ruedas a fin de permitir que los caballos
descansaran. Colina abajo, las ruedas se
encadenaban para ayudar a frenar; de otra
manera, “una llama” irradiaría de la fricción
entre los frenos y los rines de
hierro sobrecalentados.
El camino Santa Susana Stage Road
aparece en la lista del Registro Nacional de
Lugares Históricos.
El rancho Spahn
La roca firme de arenisca del parque ofrece un
aspecto abierto de tierra baldía, que se usa
como fondo para muchas películas y programas
de televisión sobre vaqueros. El rancho Spahn
de 500 acres, ubicado dentro del límite norte
del parque fue uno de los muchos “ranchos
de película” del área. Entre los finales de las
décadas de los cuarenta y los sesenta del
siglo XIX, docenas de películas y programas
de televisión, incluidos episodios de The
Lone Ranger, The Roy Rogers Show y Bonanza,
se filmaron aquí. En 1970, un incendio
destruyó todos los edificios del antiguo
rancho de película.
HISTORIA NATURAL
Las vistas panorámicas del paisaje silvestre
ofrecen un contraste notable con las
comunidades desarrolladas que están cerca. La
parte occidental de las cordilleras Transverse
Ranges está dominada por crestas altas y
estrechas y cañones profundos cubiertos con
una variedad de vida vegetal.
Geología
Los riscos distintivos de piedra arenisca son
parte de la