Santa Susana Pass

State Historic Park - California

Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park is located on the boundary between Ventura and Los Angeles counties, between the communities of Chatsworth and Simi Valley. Geologically, the park is located where the Simi Hills meet the Santa Susana Mountains. Here in the western part of the Transverse Ranges, the land is dominated by high, narrow ridges and deep canyons covered with an abundant variety of plant life. The park offers panoramic views of the rugged natural landscape as a striking contrast to the developed communities nearby. The park is also rich in archaeological, historical and cultural significance.

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Vintage 1949 USGS 1:250000 Map of Los Angeles in California. Published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).Vintage USGS - Los Angeles - 1949

Vintage 1949 USGS 1:250000 Map of Los Angeles in California. Published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=611 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Susana_Pass_State_Historic_Park Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park is located on the boundary between Ventura and Los Angeles counties, between the communities of Chatsworth and Simi Valley. Geologically, the park is located where the Simi Hills meet the Santa Susana Mountains. Here in the western part of the Transverse Ranges, the land is dominated by high, narrow ridges and deep canyons covered with an abundant variety of plant life. The park offers panoramic views of the rugged natural landscape as a striking contrast to the developed communities nearby. The park is also rich in archaeological, historical and cultural significance.
Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park Our Mission The mission of California State Parks is to provide for the health, inspiration and education of the people of California by helping to preserve the state’s extraordinary biological diversity, protecting its most valued natural and cultural resources, and creating opportunities for high-quality outdoor recreation. The story of Santa Susana Pass includes an ancient Native American trail, rock outcrops used as shelter and storage by native California State Parks supports equal access. Prior to arrival, visitors with disabilities who need assistance should contact the park at (818) 784-4849. If you need this publication in an alternate format, contact interp@parks.ca.gov. CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS P.O. Box 942896 Sacramento, CA 94296-0001 For information call: (800) 777-0369 (916) 653-6995, outside the U.S. 711, TTY relay service www.parks.ca.gov Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park Chatsworth, CA 91311 (818) 784-4849 SantaSusana@parks.ca.gov © 2010 California State Parks (Rev. 2016) people, and hair-raising stagecoach trips down the Devil’s Slide. S anta Susana Pass State Historic Park — where the Simi Hills meet the Santa Susana Mountains — is rich in natural and cultural significance. Its largely undisturbed landscape contains part of a historic transportation corridor between Missions San Buenaventura and San Fernando. The park’s Santa Susana Stage Road was once a segment of the famous Butterfield Overland Stage Route, and the road was also used by Wells, Fargo & Company as a route between Los Angeles and Santa Barbara. PARK HISTORY Native People Three native groups lived here before European contact — Chumash to the west, Tongva to the east, and to the north, a group called Tataviam. The sandstone outcrops surrounding the pass provided overhangs for shelter, shallow basins for collecting rainwater, and stone ledges for grinding seeds and acorns. The steep road over the Santa Susana Pass was originally a foot trail linking villages, such as Momonga in the San Fernando Valley with Shimiyi in Simi Valley. In the Ventureño Chumash language, this pass was called kasi’wey. The arrival of Europeans brought diseases such as smallpox and measles, to which the native people had no resistance. Although large numbers of Chumash, Tongva, and Tataviam people died, descendants of these local native groups still live in the area and have revived many of their cultural traditions. Santa Susana Pass The last Spanish governor of California, Pablo Vicente de Sola, requested laborers from Mission San Fernando to widen and improve the pass to accommodate carretas (ox-driven carts), as well as herds of sheep and cattle. In 1859, the State and local counties funded a contract with James P. Thompson to improve the existing oxcart route to accommodate stagecoaches and flat-bottomed mud wagons. It opened in 1861 as the Coast Stage Line, used by the Butterfield Overland Company to deliver mail between Los Angeles and San Francisco. The trail’s precipitous grade earned it the name “Devil’s Slide.” Drivers employed various strategies to keep from losing control of the stagecoach. Passengers walked up the steep places carrying rocks to place behind wheels to allow the horses to rest. Downhill, the wheels Mud wagon were chained together to assist in braking; otherwise, “a streak of fire” would radiate from the brakes rubbing on overheating iron rims. The Santa Susana Stage Road is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The Spahn Ranch The park’s sandstone bedrock gives a wide-open “badlands” look, used as the background for many western films and television programs. The 500-acre Spahn Ranch, located within the park’s northern boundary, was one of several “movie ranches” in the area. Between the late 1940s and the late 1960s, dozens of films and television shows — including The Lone Ranger, The Roy Rogers Show, and Bonanza episodes — were filmed here. In 1970, a wildfire destroyed all of the buildings on the former movie ranch. NATURAL HISTORY Panoramic views of the wild landscape provide striking contrast to the developed communities nearby. The western part of the Transverse Ranges is dominated by high, narrow ridges and deep canyons covered with a variety of plant life. Geology The park’s distinct sandstone crags are part of the late Cretaceous Chatsworth Formation, formed some 70 million years ago when sediments were shed from uplifting granite mountains into a deep sea debris fan. Plant Life Sandstone rock outcrops shelter the rare Santa Susana tarplant, while the moister slopes support denser vegetation. Typical shrubs in the canyons include coastal sagebrush, buckwheat, laurel sumac, and chamise. Riparian species such as willow and Mexican elderberry grow well. In larger riparian channels, coast live oak, California walnut, and sycamore create a dense canopy. Spring rains produce mariposa lilies, maroon monkey flowers, and wild lilacs. Wildlife Birds, repti
Parque Histórico Estatal Santa Susana Pass Nuestra Misión La misión de California State Parks es proporcionar apoyo para la salud, la inspiración y la educación de los ciudadanos de California al ayudar a preservar la extraordinaria diversidad biológica del estado, proteger sus más valiosos recursos naturales y culturales, y crear oportunidades para la recreación al aire libre de alta calidad. La historia del Paso de Santa Susana incluye un antiguo sendero de los nativos estadounidenses, afloramientos de roca que los indígenas usaban California State Parks apoya la igualdad de acceso. Antes de llegar, los visitantes con discapacidades que necesiten asistencia deben comunicarse con el parque llamando al (818) 784-4849. Si necesita esta publicación en un formato alternativo, comuníquese con interp@parks.ca.gov. CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS P.O. Box 942896 Sacramento, CA 94296-0001 Para obtener más información, llame al: (800) 777-0369 o (916) 653-6995, fuera de los EE. UU. o 711, servicio de teléfono de texto. www.parks.ca.gov Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park Chatsworth, CA 91311 (818) 784-4849 SantaSusana@parks.ca.gov © 2010 California State Parks (Rev. 2016) como refugio y almacén, y viajes de diligencia escalofriantes bajando por Devil’s Slide. E l Parque Histórico Estatal Paso de Santa Susana, donde las colinas Simi Hills se encuentran con las Montañas de Santa Susana, es rico por su valor natural y cultural. Su paisaje en gran parte intacto contiene parte de un corredor histórico de transporte entre las Misiones San Buenaventura y San Fernando. El camino Santa Susana Stage Road del parque una vez fue parte de la famosa ruta Butterfield Overland Stage Route, y el camino también fue usado por Wells, Fargo & Company como una ruta entre Los Ángeles y Santa Bárbara. HISTORIA DEL PARQUE Pueblos nativos Tres grupos indígenas vivieron aquí antes del contacto europeo, los Chumash al oeste, los Tongva al este y al norte un grupo llamado Tataviam. Los afloramientos de piedra arenisca que rodean el paso ofrecían cobertura para refugiarse, cuencas poco profundas para recolectar agua de lluvia y salientes de piedra para moler semillas y bellotas. El camino inclinado sobre el Paso de Santa Susana originalmente era un sendero que enlazaba aldeas, como Momonga en el Valle de San Fernando con Shimiyi en el Valle Simi. En el idioma Chumash Ventureño, este paso era llamado kasi’wey. La llegada de los europeos trajo enfermedades como la viruela y el sarampión, para las cuales los pueblos indígenas no tenían resistencia. Si bien murió una gran cantidad de integrantes de los Chumash, Tongva y Tataviam, los descendientes de estos grupos nativos locales todavía viven en el área y han revivido muchas de sus tradiciones culturales. Paso de Santa Susana El último gobernador español de California, Pablo Vicente de Sola, solicitó obreros de la Misión San Fernando para ampliar y mejorar el paso a fin de poder adaptarse a carretas tiradas por bueyes, así como a rebaños de ovejas y ganado vacuno. En 1859, el Estado y los condados locales llegaron a un acuerdo con James P. Thompson para mejorar la ruta existente para carretas tiradas por bueyes a fin de adaptarse a las diligencias y carretas de base plana. Abrió en 1861 como la línea Coast Stage Line, usada por la compañía Butterfly Overland Company para Carreta transportar correos entre Los Ángeles y San Francisco. La pendiente escarpada del sendero le mereció el nombre de “Devil’s Slide” (“Pendiente del diablo”). Los conductores emplearon diversas estrategias para evitar perder el control de las diligencias. Los pasajeros subían los lugares empinados llevando rocas para colocar debajo de las ruedas a fin de permitir que los caballos descansaran. Colina abajo, las ruedas se encadenaban para ayudar a frenar; de otra manera, “una llama” irradiaría de la fricción entre los frenos y los rines de hierro sobrecalentados. El camino Santa Susana Stage Road aparece en la lista del Registro Nacional de Lugares Históricos. El rancho Spahn La roca firme de arenisca del parque ofrece un aspecto abierto de tierra baldía, que se usa como fondo para muchas películas y programas de televisión sobre vaqueros. El rancho Spahn de 500 acres, ubicado dentro del límite norte del parque fue uno de los muchos “ranchos de película” del área. Entre los finales de las décadas de los cuarenta y los sesenta del siglo XIX, docenas de películas y programas de televisión, incluidos episodios de The Lone Ranger, The Roy Rogers Show y Bonanza, se filmaron aquí. En 1970, un incendio destruyó todos los edificios del antiguo rancho de película. HISTORIA NATURAL Las vistas panorámicas del paisaje silvestre ofrecen un contraste notable con las comunidades desarrolladas que están cerca. La parte occidental de las cordilleras Transverse Ranges está dominada por crestas altas y estrechas y cañones profundos cubiertos con una variedad de vida vegetal. Geología Los riscos distintivos de piedra arenisca son parte de la

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