Malakoff Diggins State Historic Park - California
Malakoff Diggins State Historic Park is a state park unit preserving the largest hydraulic mining site in California, United States. The mine pit and several Gold Rush-era buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Malakoff Diggins-North Bloomfield Historic District. The "canyon" is 7,000 feet (2,100 m) long, as much as 3,000 feet (910 m) wide, and nearly 600 feet (180 m) deep in places. Visitors can see huge cliffs carved by mighty streams of water, results of the mining technique of washing away entire mountains of gravel to wash out the gold. The park is a 26-mile (42 km) drive north-east of Nevada City, California, in the Gold Rush country.
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https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=494
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakoff_Diggins_State_Historic_Park
Malakoff Diggins State Historic Park is a state park unit preserving the largest hydraulic mining site in California, United States. The mine pit and several Gold Rush-era buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Malakoff Diggins-North Bloomfield Historic District. The "canyon" is 7,000 feet (2,100 m) long, as much as 3,000 feet (910 m) wide, and nearly 600 feet (180 m) deep in places. Visitors can see huge cliffs carved by mighty streams of water, results of the mining technique of washing away entire mountains of gravel to wash out the gold. The park is a 26-mile (42 km) drive north-east of Nevada City, California, in the Gold Rush country.
Malakoff
Diggins
State Historic Park
Our Mission
The mission of California State Parks is
to provide for the health, inspiration and
education of the people of California by helping
to preserve the state’s extraordinary biological
diversity, protecting its most valued natural and
cultural resources, and creating opportunities
for high-quality outdoor recreation.
At Malakoff Diggins,
the world’s largest
hydraulic gold mine
devastated the
pristine landscape —
leading to the first
California State Parks supports equal access.
Prior to arrival, visitors with disabilities who
need assistance should contact the park at
(530) 265-2740. If you need this publication in an
alternate format, contact interp@parks.ca.gov.
CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS
P.O. Box 942896
Sacramento, CA 94296-0001
For information call: (800) 777-0369
(916) 653-6995, outside the U.S.
711, TTY relay service
www.parks.ca.gov
Malakoff Diggins State Historic Park
23579 North Bloomfield Road
Nevada City, CA 95959
(530) 265-2740
© 2010 California State Parks (Rev. 2017)
environmental law
enacted in the nation.
M
alakoff Diggins State Historic Park
preserves and interprets the 1850s -1880s
hydraulic mining era, when gold seekers
combed the Sierra foothills and washed away
entire mountains looking for the precious metal.
PARK HISTORY
Native People
The park lies within the territory of the Hill
Nisenan. Nisenan territory once extended
from the lower reaches of the Yuba, American,
and Feather Rivers to the east bank of the
Sacramento River and up to the 10,000-foot
Sierra crest.
The Hill Nisenan lived in multi-family
villages or in extended-family hamlets.
Several hamlets might be grouped together
under one leader in the largest village. Villages
were located below 3,000 feet elevation, in
small valleys and open canyons. The families
stayed in these villages during the winter,
but spread to smaller camps — often at higher
elevations in rough terrain— from spring
through fall to collect and hunt food.
The Nisenan’s first contact with the Spanish
came in 1808, when General Gabriel Moraga
passed through the Nisenan territory. The
great malaria epidemic of 1833 wiped out
many of the Nisenan. The final blow to
Nisenan culture came with the 1848 gold rush,
when miners overran their territory, bringing
new diseases and disrupting Nisenan
harvest patterns.
The surviving Nisenan in the Nevada County
region seek to have their federal recognition
restored as they strive to preserve their
ancestral heritage.
Gold miners of the area
methods to separate more gold from larger
amounts of the deposits. These methods
included long, slanted sluice boxes or
“rockers.” Miners added liquid mercury
(also called quicksilver), which created a
gold-mercury amalgam that settled to the
bottom of the devices while water, sand,
and gravel ran off. Some mercury was
inevitably lost from the sluice and flowed
downstream with the sediments, but the
miners were fairly efficient at using and
re-using the valuable mercury to aid in the
recovery and concentration of gold.
In 1852, a French-speaking Canadian
miner named Anthony Chabot bypassed
the need for ditches and flumes by hooking
up a canvas hose and directing the water
flow at the ore supply. When his partner,
Edward Mattison, increased the water
pressure by adding a nozzle to the hose,
hydraulic mining was born. Discarded dirt
and gravel ore, called debris or slickens,
was discharged into the rivers.
Miners Find Gold
Gold panning in Sierra streambeds quickly
exhausted the readily available gold.
Miners sifted through stream deposits of
sand and gravel— a process called placer
mining — looking for gold.
Placer mining began here in 1852 after
a rich gold deposit was found in Humbug
Creek, near the South Yuba River. Each placer
miner staked claim to a 30- by 40-foot section
of ground. They would scoop and sieve
gravel, dirt, and water
from a running creek or
river into flat-bottomed
pans. They agitated these
alluvial deposits, then
poured off the water. The
heavier gold, if present,
would gleam as flakes or
nuggets in the bottom of
the pans.
A town called Humbug
soon sprang up to house
the miners. They began
High-pressure monitors wash gold from ancient river beds.
devising more efficient
In 1858, the townspeople decided to
change the name from Humbug to the
more attractive North Bloomfield. The
surrounding area became the Bloomfield
Township, which also included Lake City,
the village of Malakoff, Derbec, and nearby
Relief Hill. Many Chinese immigrants
labored in the gold mines and grew
vegetables for the town’s residents.
Some miners became discouraged at the
small return in gold for the amount of effort
they had expended; they left to try their
luck at richer pickings in Nevada.
In 1866, French immigrant Julius
Poquillion and others bought and
consolidated many abandoned claims
until they had amassed 1,535 acres. The
local miners then convinced a group of San
Francisco financiers to invest in large-scale
hydraulic gold mini
Parque Estatal Histórico
Malakoff
Diggins
Nuestra Misión
La misión de California State Parks es proporcionar
apoyo para la salud, la inspiración y la educación
de los ciudadanos de California al ayudar a
preservar la extraordinaria diversidad biológica
del estado, proteger sus más valiosos recursos
naturales y culturales, y crear oportunidades para
la recreación al aire libre de alta calidad.
En Malakoff Diggins la
mina de oro hidráulica
más grande del mundo
devastó el paisaje
prístino, lo que conllevó
California State Parks apoya la igualdad de
acceso. Antes de llegar, los visitantes con
discapacidades que necesiten asistencia
deben comunicarse con el parque llamando
al (530) 265-2740. Si necesita esta publicación
en un formato alternativo, comuníquese con
interp@parks.ca.gov.
CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS
P.O. Box 942896
Sacramento, CA 94296-0001
Para obtener más información, llame al:
(800) 777-0369 o (916) 653-6995, fuera de los
EE. UU. o 711, servicio de teléfono de texto.
www.parks.ca.gov
Malakoff Diggins State Historic Park
23579 North Bloomfield Road
Nevada City, CA 95959
(530) 265-2740
© 2010 California State Parks (Rev. 2017)
a la promulgación de la
primera ley ambiental
en la nación.
E
l parque histórico estatal Malakoff
Diggins preserva e interpreta la era de la
minería hidráulica de 1850 -1880, en la cual
buscadores de oro rastrearon las laderas de la
sierra y arrasaron montañas enteras buscando
el metal precioso.
HISTORIA DEL PARQUE
Los nativos
El parque se encuentra dentro del territorio
de la colina Nisenan. El territorio de Nisenan
se extendía desde los puntos más bajos de los
ríos Yuba, American y Feather hacia la orilla
este del río Sacramento y hasta la cima de la
sierra a 10,000 pies de altura.
La colina Nisenan albergó villas
multifamiliares o aldeas de familias
extendidas. Muchas aldeas pueden agruparse
bajo un líder en la villa más grande. Las villas
se ubicaban por debajo de los
3,000 pies de altura en valles pequeños y
cañones abiertos. Las familias se quedaban
en estas villas durante el invierno, pero se
extendieron hacia campos más pequeños — a
menudo en elevaciones más altas en terreno
accidentado — desde la primavera hasta el
otoño para recolectar y cazar lo que se iban
a comer.
El primer contacto de los nisenan con
los españoles se dio en 1808, cuando el
general Gabriel Moraga cruzó el territorio
de Nisenan. La gran epidemia de malaria de
1833 exterminó a muchos de los nisenan. El
último golpe a la cultura nisenan vino con la
fiebre del oro de 1848 cuando los mineros
invadieron su territorio, lo que trajo nuevas
Mineros de oro de la zona
enfermedades y alteró los patrones de
cosecha de los nisenan.
Los nisenan sobrevivientes en la región
del Condado de Nevada buscaron su
reconocimiento federal mientras apuntaban
a preservar su herencia ancestral.
o río en ollas planas. Agitan esos depósitos
aluviales y luego botan el agua. El oro
más pesado, si lo hay, brilla como copos o
pepitas en el fondo de las ollas.
Un pueblo llamado Humbug apareció
muy pronto para albergar a los mineros.
Comenzaron a ver métodos más eficientes
para separar más oro de cantidades más
grandes de depósitos. Estos métodos
incluían cajas de colado largas e inclinadas
o “roqueras”. Los mineros añadían
mercurio líquido (también llamado
azogue), que creaba una amalgama de oro
y mercurio que se asentaba en el fondo
de los dispositivos mientras que corría
agua, arena y gravilla. Parte del mercurio
inevitablemente se perdía del colador y
fluía con la corriente con los sedimentos,
pero los mineros eran eficientes en el uso y
reuso del valioso mercurio para ayudar en
la recuperación y concentración del oro.
En 1852, un minero canadiense de
habla francesa llamado Anthony Chabot
Los mineros encuentran el oro
El lavado de oro en la rivera de la Sierra
agotó el oro que estaba disponible
fácilmente. Los mineros cribaban depósitos
de arena y gravilla de la rivera — un proceso
que se llama minería de
placer — buscando oro.
La minería de placer
comenzó aquí en 1852
después de encontrar un
depósito rico en oro en
el Humbug Creek, cerca
del río South Yuba. Cada
mina de placer se reclama
como un área de 30 por 40
pies de terreno. Con palas
sacan y criban gravilla,
tierra y agua de un arroyo
Monitores de alta presión lavan el oro de riveras antiguas.
superó la necesidad de zanjas y canales
al colocar una batea y dirigir el flujo de
agua al suministro de minerales. Cuando
su compañero, Edward Mattison, aumentó
la presión del agua al añadir una boquilla
en la manguera, nació la minería hidráulica.
La tierra y el mineral de gravilla que
se descartaba, llamados detritos, se
desechaban en los ríos.
En 1858, las personas del pueblo
decidieron cambiar el nombre de Humbug
a uno más atractivo, North Bloomfield. El
área de los alrededores se convirtió en el
Municipio Bloomfield, que también incluía
Lake City, la villa de Malakoff, Derbec y el
cercano Relief Hill. Muchos inmigrantes
chinos trabajaron en las minas de oro y
sembr