Fort Tejon State Historic Park - California
Fort Tejon in California is a former United States Army outpost which was intermittently active from June 24, 1854, until September 11, 1864. It is located in the Grapevine Canyon (La Cañada de las Uvas) between the San Emigdio Mountains and Tehachapi Mountains. It is in the area of Tejon Pass along Interstate 5 in Kern County, California, the main route through the mountain ranges separating the Central Valley from the Los Angeles Basin and Southern California. The fort's location protected the San Joaquin Valley from the south and west.
maps Los Padres - Chumash Wilderness Recreation Map of the Chumash Wilderness in Los Padres National Forest (NF) in California. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
brochures Fort Tejon - Brochure and Map Brochure and Map of Fort Tejon State Historic Park (SHP) in California. Published by California Department of Parks and Recreation.
https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=585
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Tejon
Fort Tejon in California is a former United States Army outpost which was intermittently active from June 24, 1854, until September 11, 1864. It is located in the Grapevine Canyon (La Cañada de las Uvas) between the San Emigdio Mountains and Tehachapi Mountains. It is in the area of Tejon Pass along Interstate 5 in Kern County, California, the main route through the mountain ranges separating the Central Valley from the Los Angeles Basin and Southern California. The fort's location protected the San Joaquin Valley from the south and west.
Fort Tejon
State Historic Park
Our Mission
The mission of California State Parks is
to provide for the health, inspiration and
education of the people of California by helping
to preserve the state’s extraordinary biological
diversity, protecting its most valued natural and
cultural resources, and creating opportunities
for high-quality outdoor recreation.
Walk among Fort
Tejon’s buildings, sites,
and ruins. Imagine the
lives of the soldiers
and civilians, and
understand the struggles
of early life in California.
California State Parks supports equal access.
Prior to arrival, visitors with disabilities who
need assistance should contact the park at
(661) 248-6692. If you need this publication in an
alternate format, contact interp@parks.ca.gov.
CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS
P.O. Box 942896
Sacramento, CA 94296-0001
For information call: (800) 777-0369
(916) 653-6995, outside the U.S.
711, TTY relay service
www.parks.ca.gov
Fort Tejon State Historic Park
4201 Fort Tejon Road / P.O. Box 895
Lebec, CA 93243
(661) 248-6692
© 2007 California State Parks (Rev. 2016)
Soldier reenactment, 1994
A
t the top of Grapevine Canyon, the
adobe buildings of Fort Tejon State Historic
Park guard a beautiful, tree-lined meadow.
Between 1854 and 1864, this U.S. Army fort
protected people in the surrounding region
from the social and cultural conflicts between
American settlers and California Indians.
Fort Tejon, at an elevation of over 3,500
feet, is situated in the rugged Tehachapi
Mountains near Tejon Pass on I-5. Summer
temperatures are often in the high 80s
and can exceed 100 degrees. Winter
temperatures can dip to freezing, with the
possibility of snow. Grapevine Canyon is
known for occasional strong winds.
EARLY HISTORY
Prior to the establishment of Fort Tejon,
the Emigdiano group of Native Californians
called this area home. An inland group of
the coastal Chumash people, the Emigdiano
lived in a large village at the bottom of
Grapevine Canyon and had one village,
Sausu, along Castac Lake. Unlike the coastal
groups, they had little contact with European
explorers and settlers before the mid-1800s.
Founding of a Fort
The gold discovery drew thousands
of people to California in the 1850s.
Confrontations between the Emigdiano,
would-be miners, and land-hungry settlers
were frequent. The U.S. government tried
to mitigate the situation by establishing
reservations, including the Sebastian
Reservation at the southern end of the
San Joaquin Valley in 1853.
Because the animals were in poor
condition and expensive to feed, the camel
herd was transferred after less than a year to
the Los Angeles Quartermaster Depot. There
they were used in a failed experiment to cut
the expense of messenger service between
Los Angeles and Fort Mojave. The animals
were then moved to the Benicia Army
Arsenal and eventually sold at auction.
The Closure of Fort Tejon
Living History program participants
For almost ten years, Fort Tejon provided a
source of employment, protection, and social
In July 1854 Lieutenant Alfred Latimer and
activities for local residents. The foremost
a small detachment of dragoons established
duties of the dragoons
a camp at the reservation. However, the new
stationed here were to
camp lacked water, forage for horses, and
protect and control the
timber for construction. That August, Major
native Emigdiano living
J.L. Donaldson, the Quartermaster, moved
on the Sebastian (also
the post to the top of Grapevine Canyon, 17
known as the Tejon)
miles southwest of the reservation. This site
Reservation, and to
contained everything necessary to sustain a
deter raids by the
large military outpost.
Paiutes, Chemeheuvi,
The First U.S. Dragoons arrived on August
Mojave, and other
10, 1854, and began construction of more
desert-dwelling
than 40 military buildings. A small civilian
groups. The
community developed just south of the
dragoons’ widefort to provide supplies and labor to the
ranging patrols
military. In 1858 the Overland Mail Company
covered most
established a station in the sutler’s (trader’s)
of central and
store at the fort.
southern
California and
The Camel Experiment
sometimes
During the late 1850s, the U.S. Army
extended as
experimented with camels, hoping to
far as Utah.
improve transport across the arid west; in
Volunteer portraying
1859 camels were brought to Fort Tejon,
a dragoon.
where the Army took charge of them.
With the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861,
the dragoons were sent to guard Los Angeles
and later transferred east to fight in the war.
In the summer of 1862, violence erupted
between the encroaching white settlers and
the Owens Valley Paiute, who wanted to
protect their lands. Three cavalry companies
of California Volunteers forcibly moved
the Paiute to the Sebastian Reservation,
but the authorities there refused to accept
responsibility for them. In 1863, several
hundred of these Indians were brought to
Fort Tejon, which was then being used by
the California Volunteers. With little or no
food, clothing,
Nuestra Misión
Parque Estatal Histórico
Fort Tejon
La misión de California State Parks es proporcionar
apoyo para la salud, la inspiración y la educación
de los ciudadanos de California al ayudar a
preservar la extraordinaria diversidad biológica
del estado, proteger sus más valiosos recursos
naturales y culturales, y crear oportunidades para
la recreación al aire libre de alta calidad.
Camine entre los edificios,
sitios y ruinas de Fort Tejon
e imagine la vida de los
soldados y de los civiles para
comprender los esfuerzos
que implicaba la vida de los
California State Parks apoya la igualdad de
acceso. Antes de llegar, los visitantes con
discapacidades que necesiten asistencia
deben comunicarse con el parque llamando
al (661) 248-6692. Si necesita esta publicación
en un formato alternativo, comuníquese con
interp@parks.ca.gov.
primeros tiempos de California.
CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS
P.O. Box 942896
Sacramento, CA 94296-0001
Para obtener más información, llame al:
(800) 777-0369 o (916) 653-6995, fuera de los
EE. UU. o 711, servicio de teléfono de texto.
www.parks.ca.gov
Fort Tejon State Historic Park
4201 Fort Tejon Road / P.O. Box 895
Lebec, CA 93243
(661) 248-6692
© 2007 California State Parks (Rev. 2016)
Recreación de los soldados, 1994
E
n la cima Grapevine Canyon, los
edificios de adobe del Parque Estatal
Histórico Fort Tejon protegen una hermosa
pradera bordeada por árboles. Entre
1854 y 1864, este fuerte del ejército de
los Estados Unidos protegía a la gente
de los alrededores de los conflictos
sociales y culturales entre los colonos
estadounidenses y los indios de California.
Fort Tejon, a una altura de más de 3,500
pies (1070 metros), está ubicado en las
escabrosas sierras Tehachapi cerca del
Puerto Tejón sobre la ruta interestatal 5.
En general, las temperaturas de verano son
de 80 °F (27 °C) y pueden superar los 100 °F
(38 °C). Las temperaturas de invierno puede
llegar a cero con posibilidades de nevadas.
Grapevine Canyon es conocida por sus
fuertes vientos ocasionales.
HISTORIA DE LOS PRIMEROS AÑOS
Antes de que se estableciera Fort Tejon,
el grupo emigdiano de nativos californianos
se referían a esta área como su casa. Los
emigdianos eran un grupo continental del
pueblo costero chumash que vivía en una
gran villa al pie de Grapevine Canyon y
tenían una villa, sausu, a lo largo de Castac
Lake. A diferencia de los grupos costeros,
tuvieron poco contacto con los exploradores
y colonos europeos antes de mediados
de 1800.
Fundación del fuerte
En la década de 1850, el descubrimiento de
oro atrajo miles de personas a California.
Los enfrentamientos eran frecuentes entre
suministros y mano de obra al ejército. En
1858, la compañía de transporte Overland
Mail Company estableció una estación en la
tienda del comerciante del fuerte.
Participantes del programa historia viviente
El experimento con camellos
A fines de 1850, el ejército de los Estados
Unidos experimentó con camellos con la
esperanza de mejorar el transporte a lo
largo del árido oeste. En 1859, los camellos
se introdujeron en Fort Tejon, donde el
ejército se encargó de ellos.
Debido a que los animales se
encontraban en malas
condiciones y era costoso
alimentarlos, la manada
de camellos se trasladó
luego de menos de un
año al puesto de furrieles
de Los Ángeles. Fueron
utilizados en un
experimento fallido
para reducir los
costos del servicio
de mensajería
entre Los Ángeles
y Fort Mojave.
Posteriormente,
los animales fueron
trasladados al
Arsenal Benicia
y finalmente se
vendieron en
una subasta.
los emigdianos, los supuestos mineros y
los colonos sedientos de tierras. En 1853,
el gobierno de los Estados Unidos intentó
mitigar la situación estableciendo reservas,
incluida la Reserva Sebastian en el extremo
sur del valle de San Joaquín.
En julio de 1854, el teniente Alfred Latimer
y un pequeño destacamento de soldados
dragones establecieron un campamento
en la reserva. Sin embargo, el nuevo
campamento carecía de agua, forrajes para
los caballos y madera para construcción. Ese
agosto, el mayor J.L. Donaldson, el furriel,
trasladó el puesto a la cima de Grapevine
Canyon, a 17 millas al suroeste de la reserva.
El lugar contaba con todo lo necesario para
sustentar un puesto de avanzada militar de
gran tamaño.
Los primeros soldados dragones de los
Estados Unidos llegaron el 10 de agosto
de 1854 y comenzaron la construcción de
más de 40 edificios militares. Justo al sur
del fuerte, se desarrolló una pequeña
Un voluntario recreando
a un soldado dragón
comunidad de civiles para proporcionar
El cierre de Fort Tejon
alimentos, ropa y
otros suministros, las
Por casi diez años, Fort
filas de los indios se
Tejon proporcionó una
redujeron debido a
fuente de empleo,
las enfermedades,
protección y actividades
la hambruna y la
sociales para los residentes
deserción hasta
locales. Las obligaciones
1864, cuando fueron
principales de los soldados
transferidos a la
dragones apostados aquí
Reserva india Tule
eran proteger y controlar
Las amapolas de Calif