California Citrus

State Historic Park - California

California Citrus State Historic Park is an open-air museum, interpreting the historic cultural landscape of the citrus industry. The story of the citrus industry's role in the history and development of California is told in the visitor center. This California State Historic Park recaptures the time when "Citrus was King" in California, especially the Navel orange from Riverside, and recognizing the importance of the citrus industry in Southern California.

location

maps

Vintage 1947 USGS 1:250000 Map of Santa Ana in California. Published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).Vintage USGS - Santa Ana - 1947

Vintage 1947 USGS 1:250000 Map of Santa Ana in California. Published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

Vintage 1953 USGS 1:250000 Map of San Bernardino in California. Published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).Vintage USGS - San Bernardino - 1953

Vintage 1953 USGS 1:250000 Map of San Bernardino in California. Published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

brochures

Brochure of California Citrus State Historic Park (SP) in California. Published by California Department of Parks and Recreation.California Citrus - Brochure

Brochure of California Citrus State Historic Park (SP) in California. Published by California Department of Parks and Recreation.

Brochure (español) of California Citrus State Historic Park (SP) in California. Published by California Department of Parks and Recreation.California Citrus - Brochure (español)

Brochure (español) of California Citrus State Historic Park (SP) in California. Published by California Department of Parks and Recreation.

https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=649 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Citrus_State_Historic_Park California Citrus State Historic Park is an open-air museum, interpreting the historic cultural landscape of the citrus industry. The story of the citrus industry's role in the history and development of California is told in the visitor center. This California State Historic Park recaptures the time when "Citrus was King" in California, especially the Navel orange from Riverside, and recognizing the importance of the citrus industry in Southern California.
California Citrus State Historic Park Our Mission The mission of California State Parks is to provide for the health, inspiration and education of the people of California by helping to preserve the state’s extraordinary biological diversity, protecting its most valued natural and cultural resources, and creating opportunities for high-quality outdoor recreation. Grassy, tree-shaded areas evoke a quieter time — an era when the American dream might be found in a leafy evergreen grove, heavy California State Parks supports equal access. Prior to arrival, visitors with disabilities who need assistance should contact the park at (951) 780-6222. If you need this publication in an alternate format, contact interp@parks.ca.gov. CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS P.O. Box 942896 Sacramento, CA 94296-0001 For information call: (800) 777-0369 (916) 653-6995, outside the U.S. 711, TTY relay service www.parks.ca.gov California Citrus State Historic Park 9400 Dufferin Ave. / Mail: 1879 Jackson St. Riverside, CA 92504 (951) 780-6222 © 2003 California State Parks (Rev. 2016) with golden fruit. V isitors to California Citrus State NATIVE PEOPLE Historic Park are greeted at the park The area that is now Riverside County was entrance by a replica of an old-fashioned inhabited for centuries by diverse native roadside fruit stand. This charming “big peoples, including Serrano, Luiseño, orange” structure, on the corner of Van Gabrielino-Tongva, Cupeño, Chemehuevi, Buren Boulevard and Dufferin Avenue in and Cahuilla. California Indians traveled Riverside, recalls an era that forever changed seasonally from village to village, following the landscape their food sources and of Southern trade routes. They California. The maintained reciprocal park dedicates relationships with over half of its neighboring tribes that 250 acres to enabled them to trade what was once foods and raw materials the universal for tool making. Acorns, symbol of elderberries, yucca California’s role stalks, and agave roots in agriculture — were staples in diet. the citrus groves. Destructive policies Of all the crops by the U.S. government that constitute Old-fashioned orange stand replica and public prejudice California’s towards California agricultural legacy, juicy golden oranges Indians led to a decline of Native conjured an image of romance, prosperity, Americans working in the citrus industry. and abundance. Warm, dry summers and However, the 1903 move of Sherman cool, moist winters provide perfect growing Indian Institute to Riverside reestablished conditions. Between the late 1800s and a workforce of native people. the early 1900s, the groves spread across The school's "Outing System," a Riverside, San Bernardino, Orange, Los controversial program supposed to Angeles, and Ventura counties, and into provide vocational training to California the Central Valley. This second California Indian students, essentially offered cheap “gold rush,” combined with innovative labor to local businesses. Hundreds methods of irrigation, fruit processing, of these students at Sherman Indian advertising, cooperative marketing, and Institute worked in the citrus industry railroad transportation, helped establish until the end of the program in the 1930s. California’s image as the land of sunshine Since then, California Indians have and opportunity. been recovering from their historical trauma, honoring their cultural traditions, and contributing as vital community members. CREATING THE CITRUS INDUSTRY The mission padres planted the first Mediterranean Moro blood oranges varieties on the grounds of Mission San Gabriel around 1803. Emigrant Kentucky trapper William Wolfskill developed more acreage from seedlings he obtained in 1841. In the midto-late 1800s, lemon, lime, and orange trees grew in today’s downtown Los Angeles. Then, in 1873, Eliza Tibbets of Riverside obtained two young Bahia, or Washington navel orange trees, from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Harvesting oranges, ca. 1900 The Brazilian native orange was sweeter and more flavorful, had no seeds, and its thick, easily peeled skin protected it during shipping. Today nearly all of the Washington navel orange trees grown in California are descended from these two original trees, one of which still grows at the intersection of Riverside’s Arlington and Magnolia Avenues. immigrants moved in to fill the need. By 1900 Riverside’s citrus industry employed about 3,000 Japanese workers, hired through Japanese labor THE WORKFORCE contractors. In the late 1800s, Chinese labor contractors Between 1900 Restoring a citrus landscape hired Chinese workers to replace the and 1920, California Indian workers. By 1885 nearly Japanese were the largest labor group in 80 percent of the labor force was Chinese. the citrus industry. However, anti-immigrant Their considerable horticultural skills and sentiment also drove them out. Around 1919, knowledge made citriculture enormously Hispanic workers began to arrive, along successf
Parque Estatal Histórico Citrus de California Nuestra Misión La misión de California State Parks es proporcionar apoyo para la salud, la inspiración y la educación de los ciudadanos de California al ayudar a preservar la extraordinaria diversidad biológica del estado, proteger sus más valiosos recursos naturales y culturales, y crear oportunidades para la recreación al aire libre de alta calidad. Áreas cubiertas de hierba con árboles que ofrecen sombra evocan tiempos más tranquilos, una época en la que el sueño americano podría encontrarse en un California State Parks apoya la igualdad de acceso. Antes de llegar, los visitantes con discapacidades que necesiten asistencia deben comunicarse con el parque llamando al (951) 780-6222. Si necesita esta publicación en un formato alternativo, comuníquese con interp@parks.ca.gov. CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS P.O. Box 942896 Sacramento, CA 94296-0001 Para obtener más información, llame al: (800) 777-0369 o (916) 653-6995, fuera de los EE. UU. o 711, servicio de teléfono de texto. www.parks.ca.gov California Citrus State Historic Park 9400 Dufferin Ave. / Mail: 1879 Jackson St. Riverside, CA 92504 (951) 780-6222 © 2003 California State Parks (Rev. 2016) huerto denso y perenne con frutas doradas y pesadas. L os Visitantes Del Parque Histórico combinada con métodos innovadores de Estatal Citrus De California (California riego, procesamiento de frutas, publicidad, Citrus State Historic Park) son recibidos mercadeo cooperativo y transporte por tren, en la entrada del parque con una réplica ayudaron a establecer la imagen de California de un puesto de frutas de carretera a la como la tierra del sol y las oportunidades. antigua. Esta estructura encantadora de PUEBLOS NATIVOS “naranja grande” en la esquina de Van Buren El área que ahora es el Condado de Boulevard y Dufferin Avenue en Riverside Riverside estuvo habitada por siglos por recuerda una época que cambió por siempre diversos pueblos nativos, incluidos los el paisaje del Serrano, Luiseño, sur de California. Gabrielino-Tongva, El parque Cupeño, Chemehuevi y dedica más Cahuilla. Los indígenas de la mitad de de California viajaban sus 250 acres de manera estacional a lo que una de aldea a aldea, vez fue uno de siguiendo sus fuentes los símbolos de alimento y rutas de universales comercio. Mantenían del papel de relaciones recíprocas California en con las tribus vecinas, la agricultura: lo que les permitía los huertos Replica de puesto de naranja antiguo comerciar alimentos y de cítricos. materias primas para De todos los cultivos que componen el hacer herramientas. Bellotas, bayas del legado agrícola de California, las naranjas saúco, cañas de yuca y raíces de agave eran jugosas y doradas evocaban una imagen básicas en la dieta. de romance, prosperidad y abundancia. Las políticas destructivas del gobierno de Veranos cálidos y secos e inviernos frescos y los Estados Unidos y los prejuicios públicos húmedos ofrecen las condiciones perfectas hacia los indígenas de California llevaron para el cultivo. Entre finales del siglo XIX al declive los nativos americanos que y comienzos del siglo XX, los huertos se trabajaban en la industria de los cítricos. Sin extendían a través de los condados de embargo, el traslado en 1903 del Instituto Riverside, San Bernardino, Orange, Los Indígena Sherman a Riverside reestableció Ángeles y Ventura, y hacia el Valle Central. una fuerza laboral de indígenas nativos. Esta segunda “fiebre del oro” de California, El “sistema de paseo” de la escuela, un programa controversial que tenía previsto proporcionar capacitación vocacional a los estudiantes indígenas de California, Naranjas sanguinas Moro esencialmente ofrecía mano de obra barata a los negocios locales. Cientos de estos estudiantes del Instituto Indígena Sherman trabajaron en la industria de los cítricos hasta el final del programa en la década de los treinta. Desde entonces, los indígenas de California han estado recuperándose de su trauma histórico, honrando sus tradiciones culturales y contribuyendo como miembros vitales de la comunidad. Cosecha de naranjas, ca. 1900 CREACIÓN DE LA INDUSTRIA DE LOS CÍTRICOS Los padres de la misión plantaron la primera variedad mediterránea en los terrenos de la Misión San Gabriel alrededor de 1803. El cazador de emigrantes William Wolfskill, de Kentucky, amplió su área a partir de plantas de semillero que obtuvo en 1841. Desde mediados hasta finales del siglo XIX se cultivaron limoneros, limeros y naranjos en lo que hoy es el centro de Los Ángeles. Luego, en 1873, Eliza Tibbets, de Riverside, obtuvo dos naranjos jóvenes Bahía o Washington Navel, del Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos (U.S. Department of Agriculture). La naranja autóctona de Brasil era más dulce y tenía más sabor, no tenía semillas y su piel gruesa y fácil de pelar la protegía durante los envíos. Hoy casi todos los naranjos Washington Navel cultivados en California descienden de estos dos naranjos originales, uno d

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