California CitrusState Historic Park - California |
California Citrus State Historic Park is an open-air museum, interpreting the historic cultural landscape of the citrus industry. The story of the citrus industry's role in the history and development of California is told in the visitor center. This California State Historic Park recaptures the time when "Citrus was King" in California, especially the Navel orange from Riverside, and recognizing the importance of the citrus industry in Southern California.
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Vintage USGS - Santa Ana - 1947
Vintage 1947 USGS 1:250000 Map of Santa Ana in California. Published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
Vintage USGS - San Bernardino - 1953
Vintage 1953 USGS 1:250000 Map of San Bernardino in California. Published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
brochures
California Citrus - Brochure
Brochure of California Citrus State Historic Park (SP) in California. Published by California Department of Parks and Recreation.
California Citrus - Brochure (español)
Brochure (español) of California Citrus State Historic Park (SP) in California. Published by California Department of Parks and Recreation.
https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=649
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Citrus_State_Historic_Park
California Citrus State Historic Park is an open-air museum, interpreting the historic cultural landscape of the citrus industry. The story of the citrus industry's role in the history and development of California is told in the visitor center. This California State Historic Park recaptures the time when "Citrus was King" in California, especially the Navel orange from Riverside, and recognizing the importance of the citrus industry in Southern California.
California
Citrus
State Historic Park
Our Mission
The mission of California State Parks is
to provide for the health, inspiration and
education of the people of California by helping
to preserve the state’s extraordinary biological
diversity, protecting its most valued natural and
cultural resources, and creating opportunities
for high-quality outdoor recreation.
Grassy, tree-shaded
areas evoke a quieter
time — an era when the
American dream might
be found in a leafy
evergreen grove, heavy
California State Parks supports equal access.
Prior to arrival, visitors with disabilities who
need assistance should contact the park at
(951) 780-6222. If you need this publication in an
alternate format, contact interp@parks.ca.gov.
CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS
P.O. Box 942896
Sacramento, CA 94296-0001
For information call: (800) 777-0369
(916) 653-6995, outside the U.S.
711, TTY relay service
www.parks.ca.gov
California Citrus State Historic Park
9400 Dufferin Ave. / Mail: 1879 Jackson St.
Riverside, CA 92504
(951) 780-6222
© 2003 California State Parks (Rev. 2016)
with golden fruit.
V
isitors to California Citrus State
NATIVE PEOPLE
Historic Park are greeted at the park
The area that is now Riverside County was
entrance by a replica of an old-fashioned
inhabited for centuries by diverse native
roadside fruit stand. This charming “big
peoples, including Serrano, Luiseño,
orange” structure, on the corner of Van
Gabrielino-Tongva, Cupeño, Chemehuevi,
Buren Boulevard and Dufferin Avenue in
and Cahuilla. California Indians traveled
Riverside, recalls an era that forever changed
seasonally from village to village, following
the landscape
their food sources and
of Southern
trade routes. They
California. The
maintained reciprocal
park dedicates
relationships with
over half of its
neighboring tribes that
250 acres to
enabled them to trade
what was once
foods and raw materials
the universal
for tool making. Acorns,
symbol of
elderberries, yucca
California’s role
stalks, and agave roots
in agriculture —
were staples in diet.
the citrus groves.
Destructive policies
Of all the crops
by the U.S. government
that constitute
Old-fashioned orange stand replica
and public prejudice
California’s
towards California
agricultural legacy, juicy golden oranges
Indians led to a decline of Native
conjured an image of romance, prosperity,
Americans working in the citrus industry.
and abundance. Warm, dry summers and
However, the 1903 move of Sherman
cool, moist winters provide perfect growing
Indian Institute to Riverside reestablished
conditions. Between the late 1800s and
a workforce of native people.
the early 1900s, the groves spread across
The school's "Outing System," a
Riverside, San Bernardino, Orange, Los
controversial program supposed to
Angeles, and Ventura counties, and into
provide vocational training to California
the Central Valley. This second California
Indian students, essentially offered cheap
“gold rush,” combined with innovative
labor to local businesses. Hundreds
methods of irrigation, fruit processing,
of these students at Sherman Indian
advertising, cooperative marketing, and
Institute worked in the citrus industry
railroad transportation, helped establish
until the end of the program in the 1930s.
California’s image as the land of sunshine
Since then, California Indians have
and opportunity.
been recovering from their historical
trauma, honoring their
cultural traditions, and
contributing as vital
community members.
CREATING THE
CITRUS INDUSTRY
The mission padres
planted the first
Mediterranean
Moro blood oranges
varieties on the
grounds of Mission San Gabriel around
1803. Emigrant Kentucky trapper William
Wolfskill developed more acreage from
seedlings he obtained in 1841. In the midto-late 1800s, lemon, lime, and orange trees
grew in today’s downtown Los Angeles.
Then, in 1873, Eliza Tibbets of Riverside
obtained two young Bahia, or Washington
navel orange trees, from the U.S.
Department of Agriculture.
Harvesting oranges, ca. 1900
The Brazilian native orange was sweeter
and more flavorful, had no seeds, and
its thick, easily peeled skin protected it
during shipping. Today nearly all of the
Washington navel orange trees grown in
California are descended from these two
original trees, one of which still grows at
the intersection of Riverside’s Arlington
and Magnolia Avenues.
immigrants
moved in to fill
the need. By
1900 Riverside’s
citrus industry
employed about
3,000 Japanese
workers,
hired through
Japanese labor
THE WORKFORCE
contractors.
In the late 1800s, Chinese labor contractors
Between 1900
Restoring a citrus landscape
hired Chinese workers to replace the
and 1920,
California Indian workers. By 1885 nearly
Japanese were the largest labor group in
80 percent of the labor force was Chinese.
the citrus industry. However, anti-immigrant
Their considerable horticultural skills and
sentiment also drove them out. Around 1919,
knowledge made citriculture enormously
Hispanic workers began to arrive, along
successf
Parque Estatal Histórico
Citrus de
California
Nuestra Misión
La misión de California State Parks es proporcionar
apoyo para la salud, la inspiración y la educación
de los ciudadanos de California al ayudar a
preservar la extraordinaria diversidad biológica
del estado, proteger sus más valiosos recursos
naturales y culturales, y crear oportunidades para
la recreación al aire libre de alta calidad.
Áreas cubiertas de hierba
con árboles que ofrecen
sombra evocan tiempos más
tranquilos, una época en
la que el sueño americano
podría encontrarse en un
California State Parks apoya la igualdad de
acceso. Antes de llegar, los visitantes con
discapacidades que necesiten asistencia
deben comunicarse con el parque llamando
al (951) 780-6222. Si necesita esta publicación
en un formato alternativo, comuníquese con
interp@parks.ca.gov.
CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS
P.O. Box 942896
Sacramento, CA 94296-0001
Para obtener más información, llame al:
(800) 777-0369 o (916) 653-6995, fuera de los
EE. UU. o 711, servicio de teléfono de texto.
www.parks.ca.gov
California Citrus State Historic Park
9400 Dufferin Ave. / Mail: 1879 Jackson St.
Riverside, CA 92504
(951) 780-6222
© 2003 California State Parks (Rev. 2016)
huerto denso y perenne con
frutas doradas y pesadas.
L
os Visitantes Del Parque Histórico
combinada con métodos innovadores de
Estatal Citrus De California (California
riego, procesamiento de frutas, publicidad,
Citrus State Historic Park) son recibidos
mercadeo cooperativo y transporte por tren,
en la entrada del parque con una réplica
ayudaron a establecer la imagen de California
de un puesto de frutas de carretera a la
como la tierra del sol y las oportunidades.
antigua. Esta estructura encantadora de
PUEBLOS NATIVOS
“naranja grande” en la esquina de Van Buren
El área que ahora es el Condado de
Boulevard y Dufferin Avenue en Riverside
Riverside estuvo habitada por siglos por
recuerda una época que cambió por siempre
diversos pueblos nativos, incluidos los
el paisaje del
Serrano, Luiseño,
sur de California.
Gabrielino-Tongva,
El parque
Cupeño, Chemehuevi y
dedica más
Cahuilla. Los indígenas
de la mitad de
de California viajaban
sus 250 acres
de manera estacional
a lo que una
de aldea a aldea,
vez fue uno de
siguiendo sus fuentes
los símbolos
de alimento y rutas de
universales
comercio. Mantenían
del papel de
relaciones recíprocas
California en
con las tribus vecinas,
la agricultura:
lo que les permitía
los huertos
Replica de puesto de naranja antiguo
comerciar alimentos y
de cítricos.
materias primas para
De todos los cultivos que componen el
hacer herramientas. Bellotas, bayas del
legado agrícola de California, las naranjas
saúco, cañas de yuca y raíces de agave eran
jugosas y doradas evocaban una imagen
básicas en la dieta.
de romance, prosperidad y abundancia.
Las políticas destructivas del gobierno de
Veranos cálidos y secos e inviernos frescos y
los Estados Unidos y los prejuicios públicos
húmedos ofrecen las condiciones perfectas
hacia los indígenas de California llevaron
para el cultivo. Entre finales del siglo XIX
al declive los nativos americanos que
y comienzos del siglo XX, los huertos se
trabajaban en la industria de los cítricos. Sin
extendían a través de los condados de
embargo, el traslado en 1903 del Instituto
Riverside, San Bernardino, Orange, Los
Indígena Sherman a Riverside reestableció
Ángeles y Ventura, y hacia el Valle Central.
una fuerza laboral de indígenas nativos.
Esta segunda “fiebre del oro” de California,
El “sistema
de paseo” de
la escuela,
un programa
controversial que
tenía previsto
proporcionar
capacitación
vocacional a
los estudiantes
indígenas de
California,
Naranjas sanguinas Moro
esencialmente
ofrecía mano de obra barata a los negocios
locales. Cientos de estos estudiantes del
Instituto Indígena Sherman trabajaron en
la industria de los cítricos hasta el final
del programa en la década de los treinta.
Desde entonces, los indígenas de
California han estado recuperándose
de su trauma histórico, honrando sus
tradiciones culturales y contribuyendo
como miembros vitales de la comunidad.
Cosecha de naranjas, ca. 1900
CREACIÓN DE LA INDUSTRIA
DE LOS CÍTRICOS
Los padres de la misión plantaron la
primera variedad mediterránea en
los terrenos de la Misión San Gabriel
alrededor de 1803. El cazador de
emigrantes William Wolfskill, de Kentucky,
amplió su área a partir de plantas de
semillero que obtuvo en 1841. Desde
mediados hasta finales del siglo XIX se
cultivaron limoneros, limeros y naranjos
en lo que hoy es el centro de Los Ángeles.
Luego, en 1873, Eliza Tibbets,
de Riverside, obtuvo dos naranjos
jóvenes Bahía o Washington Navel, del
Departamento de Agricultura de los
Estados Unidos (U.S. Department
of Agriculture).
La naranja autóctona
de Brasil era más dulce y
tenía más sabor, no tenía
semillas y su piel gruesa
y fácil de pelar la protegía
durante los envíos. Hoy
casi todos los naranjos Washington Navel
cultivados en California descienden de
estos dos naranjos originales, uno d