 | ChugachNational Forest - Alaska |
The Chugach National Forest is located in south central Alaska. Covering portions of Prince William Sound, the Kenai Peninsula and the Copper River Delta, it was formed in 1907 from part of a larger forest reserve. The Chugach includes extensive shorelines, glaciers, forests and rivers, much of which is untouched by roads or trails. It hosts numerous bird, mammal and marine species, including extensive shorebird habitat and a bald eagle population larger than the contiguous 48 states combined. Human industry in the forest includes extensive tourism and some mining and oil and gas operations.
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maps
Map 1 of the Motor Vehicle Use Map (MVUM) of Prince William Sound in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Map 2 of the Motor Vehicle Use Map (MVUM) of Eastern Kenai Peninsula in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Map 3 of the Motor Vehicle Use Map (MVUM) of Copper River Delta in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Winter Recreation Map of the Hope West Area on the Kenai Peninsula in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. National Forest Service (USFS).
Winter Recreation Map of the Hope East Area on the Kenai Peninsula in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. National Forest Service (USFS).
Winter Recreation Map of the Girdwood Area on the Kenai Peninsula in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. National Forest Service (USFS).
Winter Recreation Map of the Twentymile Glacier Area on the Kenai Peninsula in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. National Forest Service (USFS).
Winter Recreation Map of the Resurrection Creek Area on the Kenai Peninsula in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. National Forest Service (USFS).
Winter Recreation Map of the Summit Lake Area on the Kenai Peninsula in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. National Forest Service (USFS).
Winter Recreation Map of the Placer River Area on the Kenai Peninsula in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. National Forest Service (USFS).
Winter Recreation Map of the Whittier Area on the Kenai Peninsula in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. National Forest Service (USFS).
Winter Recreation Map of the Cooper Landing Area on the Kenai Peninsula in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. National Forest Service (USFS).
Winter Recreation Map of the Moose Pass Area on the Kenai Peninsula in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. National Forest Service (USFS).
Winter Recreation Map of the Wolverine Glacier Area on the Kenai Peninsula in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. National Forest Service (USFS).
Winter Recreation Map of the Kings Bay Area on the Kenai Peninsula in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. National Forest Service (USFS).
Winter Recreation Map of the Upper Russian Lake Area on the Kenai Peninsula in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. National Forest Service (USFS).
Winter Recreation Map of the Lost Lake Area on the Kenai Peninsula in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. National Forest Service (USFS).
Winter Recreation Map of the Snow River Area on the Kenai Peninsula in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. National Forest Service (USFS).
Map of the Southern Trek part of the Iditarod National Historic Trail Southern Trek (NHT) in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Map of the Turnagain Pass part of the Iditarod National Historic Trail Southern Trek (NHT) in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Map of the Seward part of the Iditarod National Historic Trail Southern Trek (NHT) in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Map of the Portage part of the Iditarod National Historic Trail Southern Trek (NHT) in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Map of the Girdwood part of the Iditarod National Historic Trail Southern Trek (NHT) in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Map of the Moose Pass part of the Iditarod National Historic Trail Southern Trek (NHT) in Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Map of Designated Biking Trails at Chugach State Park (SP) in Alaska. Published by Alaska State Parks
Boundary Map of Kenai National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in Alaska. Published by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS).
brochures
Visitor Guide to Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Birds at Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Brochure and Map of the Kenai-Russian River Confluence at Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Brochure of Portage Valley at Chugach National Forest (NF) in Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
A Guide to recreational goldpanning on the Kenai Peninsula, Chugach National Forest, Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Brochure of Common Trees of Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Brochure of Lichens of Alaska's South Coast. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Brochure Wildflowers of the National Forests in Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Brochure Mushrooms of the National Forests in Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Brochure about Selected Invasive Plants of Alaska. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Brochure about Alaska Burn Morels. Published by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS).
Chugach NF
https://www.fs.usda.gov/chugach/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chugach_National_Forest
The Chugach National Forest is located in south central Alaska. Covering portions of Prince William Sound, the Kenai Peninsula and the Copper River Delta, it was formed in 1907 from part of a larger forest reserve. The Chugach includes extensive shorelines, glaciers, forests and rivers, much of which is untouched by roads or trails. It hosts numerous bird, mammal and marine species, including extensive shorebird habitat and a bald eagle population larger than the contiguous 48 states combined. Human industry in the forest includes extensive tourism and some mining and oil and gas operations.
CHUGACH
NATIONAL FOREST
VISITOR GUIDE
Table of Contents
OVERVIEW...................................... 3
EASTERN KENAI PENINSULA........ 5
PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND.............. 7
COPPER RIVER DELTA.................... 9
CABINS IN THE CHUGACH......... 10
CAMPING IN THE CHUGACH..... 11
TRAIL GUIDE................................. 12
WATCHABLE WILDLIFE................ 13
VIEWING SAFETY......................... 14
VISITOR CENTERS........................ 15
BACKCOUNTRY GUIDE............... 15
ACTIVITIES FOR KIDS.....BACK COVER
Welcome to the
Chugach National Forest
A breathtaking landscape in the heart of
southcentral Alaska.
The Chugach is the backyard for more than half of Alaska’s residents and is a
coveted destination for hundreds of thousands of visitors each year.
The most northerly and westerly forest in the National Forest System, the 5.4
million-acre Chugach National Forest is composed of three distinct landscapes
and compares in size to the state of New Hampshire. The Forest is home to many
of Alaska’s Native peoples, including Ahtna, Chugach, Dena’ina, and Eyak.
Chugach National Forest hosts more than half a million visitors each year.
Visitors explore the 3,500 miles of shoreline in Prince William Sound, the glacierstudded Nellie Juan-College Fiord Wilderness Study Area, the Kenai Peninsula’s
175-miles of the Iditarod National Historic Trail-Southern Trek, or the Copper
River Delta, the largest contiguous wetlands complex on America’s Pacific coast
and a spring migration stopover for millions of shorebirds.
While portions of Alaska are often considered remote, the Chugach is accessible
through multiple routes. More than 500 miles of trails, 40 cabins, and 16
campgrounds provide plenty of opportunities to explore, making it a popular
destination for those wanting to leave the bustle of the city behind.
During the summer, our two visitor facilities – Begich, Boggs Visitor Center and
Crooked Creek Information Site – showcase the cultural and natural history of
the Forest. When the facilities are open, Forest Service staff lead guided hikes,
discuss natural history aboard the MV Ptarmigan on Portage Lake, and point out
areas of interest on Alaska Railroad trips to the popular Spencer and Grandview
Whistle Stops.
Spectacular fishing draws Alaskans and tourists to the Forest, where all five
species of Pacific salmon can be caught in its pristine waters. The Forest’s 48,000
acres of lakes and 1,800 miles of streams produce 66 million salmon a year or 11%
of Pacific salmon production.
The Forest issues approximately 250 permits annually for activities such as
guided summer and winter recreation, fishing, hunting, flightseeing, boat
charters, rafting and kayaking, bird watching, scenic tours, and wildlife viewing.
We urge you to take advantage of the nearly 120 permitted outfitters and guides
to further your connection and experiences on the forest.
This visitor guide is an overview of opportunities and facilities available on the
Chugach National Forest. Enjoy exploring your National Forest.
Jeff Schramm
Forest Supervisor, Chugach National Forest
Alaska Region
Coordinated and written by Annette Heckart and Mona Spargo
Maps created by Fay Dearing & Charles Lindemuth
All photos are courtesy USFS unless otherwise noted
Main cover photo of Ptarmigan Lake by Jenelle Wempner
Spencer Glacier & owl photos by Ralph Radford. Kenai Lake photo by Annette Heckart.
Designed by Timberdoodle Studio
Get Out and Explore!
There’s something for everyone on the Chugach National Forest.
From the Kenai Peninsula to Prince William Sound, to the eastern
shores of the Copper River Delta, the Forest is full of special
places. Whether you have an hour or several days there are
options galore for exploring. Here are just a few to get started.
IF YOU HAVE A
COUPLE OF HOURS:
IF YOU HAVE A
COUPLE OF DAYS:
KENAI PENINSULA
KENAI PENINSULA
Visit the Begich, Boggs Visitor Center
& Portage Valley
• An hour’s drive south of Anchorage
• Engaging exhibits and 20 minute film
• View salmon spawning at Williwaw Fish
Viewing Platform
• Try your hand at the Agents of Discovery
Portage Valley Mission
Hike the Resurrection Pass Trail
• Designated a National Recreation Trail
• 38 mile trail with eight rental cabins and camping spots
along the route
• Varied terrain from thick forest to alpine meadows
PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND
Take a Kayak Trip in Prince William Sound
PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND
• Practice your kayaking skills
• Observe busy bird rookeries
• View sea life up close
• Experience the vast bounty of the Sound
• See magnificent glaciers sculpt the landscape
• Breathtaking scenery
COPPER RIVER DELTA
COPPER RIVER DELTA
• Copper River Delta Shorebird Festival
• Copper River Salmon Jam
• Cordova Fungus Festival
Go Flightseeing
Hike the Eyak River Trail
Take in a Festival
• 2.9 mile trail begins along the Eyak River
• A wonderful variety of forest landscapes
• Popular access site for anglers during
the coho salmon runs
RESPONSIBLE RECRE
Chugach National Forest Bird checklist
❑ American Robin
Cool Fact
The American Robin is one of the most common birds in North America. The oldest recorded American Robin was 13 years and 11 months
old
Field Marks
Medium-sized songbird • Black and white streaked throat • Rusty red
breast and sides • Yellow bill (often with black tip)
❑ Black-capped Chickadee
Cool Fact
Chickadee calls are complex and language-like, communicating information on identity and recognition of other flocks as well as predator
alarms and contact calls. The more dee notes in a chickadee-dee-dee
call, the higher the threat level.
Field Marks
Small songbird • Black cap and throat • White cheek and nape • Buff
or orangish sides • Brownish gray back
❑ Common Redpoll
Cool Fact
Common Redpolls can survive temperatures of -65° Fahrenheit.
Field Marks
Small, compact-bodied songbird • Small, conical yellow bill • Black on
face at base of bill • Red cap with rosy tinge on breast of males
❑ Northern Shoveler
Cool Fact
When flushed off the nest, a female Northern Shoveler often defecates on its eggs, apparently to deter predators.
Field Marks
Medium-sized duck • Very long bill, wider at tip than at base • Male
has iridescent green head, white chest and rusty sides
❑ Common Raven
Cool Fact
Common Ravens can mimic the calls of other bird species. They can
even imitate human words.
Field Marks
Very large black bird • Long, shaggy throat feathers • Long, thick beak
• Long feathers covering nostrils and base of bill
❑ Black-billed Magpie
Cool Fact
On their expedition, Lewis and Clark reported magpies boldly entering their tents to steal food.
Field Marks
Long and slender-bodied • Distinctive black and white plumage •
White belly contrasts with head and chest
❑ Steller’s Jay
Cool Fact
The Steller’s Jay can mimic birds, squirrels, cats, dogs, chickens and
some mechanical objects.
Field Marks
Large, stocky, songbird • Black upper body transitioning to deep,
iridescent blue on wings and belly • Tall, spiky crest
❑ Bald Eagle
Cool Fact
Bald Eagles can live a long time, with a longevity record of 38 years
in the wild.
Field Marks
Very large raptor with long, broad wings • White head and tail • Powerful yellow bill • Powerful talons
❑ Mew Gull
Cool Fact
The Mew Gull is the only “white-headed” gull that regularly uses trees
for nesting.
Field Marks
Medium-sized to small gull • Unmarked yellow bill • Head and underparts white • Back medium gray • Wingtips black with white spots •
Yellow legs
❑ Willow Ptarmigan
Cool Fact
It was named the official state bird of Alaska in 1955. The Willow
Ptarmigan changes color from light brown in summer to snow white in
winter for effective camouflage from predators.
Field Marks
Medium to large chicken-like bird • Thick bodied • Tail moderately
short, rounded and black • Completely white in winter • Streaked rusty
brown in summer
photo credits: Milo Burcham, Alicia F. King, and the National Digital Library of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
www.fs.usda.gov/chugach
Kenai-Russian River Confluence
Whether your visit includes connecting with your culture, nature, or
harvesting food, we hope you enjoy your stay, and join us in
respecting the cultural and natural resources. Chiqinik (Thank you)!
ANGLER INFORMATION
Tips for Catch & Release
• If you’re planning to release a fish,
keep it underwater at all times—
this increases its chance of
survival and reproduction. If you
want a photo, keep the fish out of
the water for less than 10 seconds.
• Using barbless hooks and a rubber
net makes it easier to release fish.
Treat Your Catch with Care
Salmon is one of the most nutritious
foods in the world. By taking excellent
care of your fish, you can look forward
to many delicious meals.
• Once landed, stun the fish quickly
using a rock or small club. Bleed
the fish by ripping the gills.
• While on the river, whole fish can
be kept cool on a 12-foot stringer
(see retained fish regulations).
• Plastic bags and ice can help keep
the fish clean and cool
until you are ready to process the
meat.
Fish Waste
Attracts Bears!
Bears eat fish heads,
backbones, and other
parts left behind from
filleting. Reducing fish
waste (and all human food
sources) will help reduce
bear-human conflicts.
•
•
•
Remove fish whole
and fillet it offsite.
(Take it home or to
a local commercial
fish processor.)
If you must fillet
onsite, use the
cleaning tables at the
Kenai-Russian
confluence, or at the
ferry.
After filleting, cut
carcasses into many
pieces and throw
them into fast-moving
currents.
Sportman’s
Landing
Boat Launch
• Stringers of fish must be kept within 12 feet of you.
• Pets must be leashed at all times.
• Discharging a firearm is prohibited except in defense of life or
property. No warning shots. No hunting.
ST E
Recreating in proximity to
wild animals including
moose and bears carries
an inherent risk. Your safety
is your own responsibility.
KENAI NATIONAL
WILDLIFE REFUGE
• Stay on trails and make noise to prevent
surprise encounters.
• Do not run from bears. Running could
trigger a pursuit.
• Stay in a group and keep children close.
• Follow all regulations at all times.
They are designed to protect you, your
family, and the bears.
Russian River Trail
2.4 miles to falls
CHUGACH
NATIONAL FOREST
Russian River Falls
Viewing Platform
Alaska Department
of Fish and Game
(ADF&G) Weir
• Immediately report all bear encounters
to agency staff.
For Anglers
• If a bear approaches while you are
reeling in a fish, cut the line. Do not let a
bear get a fish from your line.
• Keep a clean camp. Store all attractants in
bear resistant containers or your vehicle.
Entrance
Station
600 Yard Marker
(this section of river closed
to all sport fishing.
Open to subsistence fishing
by permit only)
• Carry accessible bear spray and be
prepared to use it.
For Campers
WAY
Russian River
Campground
For All Visitors
• Don’t let bears get an easy meal of fish
waste. Carry your catch out whole, or
chop your fish waste into small pieces
and throw them in fast-moving water.
IGH
K’Beq
Heritage
Site
BEAR SAFETY BASICS
Bears in Alaska have only
a short season to find
enough food to survive the
winter. Both black and
brown bears can be seen
fishing in the rivers,
resting on the banks,
traveling along the trails
and boardwalks and
meandering through the
campground.
GH
Russian River
Ferry
Failure to comply with these regulations is subject to
citation. 50 CFR 36.39(i) (5) & (11) and 36 CFR 261.50 (a)
and 36 CFR 261.10 (d).
This area is NOT
managed for bear
viewing. Don’t
approach or follow
bears, or behave in
other ways that cause
conflicts between
people and bears.
RLIN
ER
The Dena’ina people have lived in this region, known as Sqilantnu
(Ridge Place River), for thousands of years. It remains an important
site for present-day Alaskans.
• On the river, all personal items such as backpacks must be within
3 feet of you (preferably on you).
RIV
Each year, over 150,000 people visit the Russian River Campground,
Ferry Access Site, Sportsman’s Boat Launch, Russian River Falls,
Russian Lakes Trail and K’Beq’ Cultural Site.
• ALL attractants and equipment used to cook and store food must
be stored in a bear-resistant container, enclosed in a hard-sided
camper or stored in your vehicle.
IAN
The Kenai-Russian River Confluence lies 110 miles south of
Anchorage and 40 miles east of Soldotna, surrounded by the Chugach
National Forest and the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge. This unique
area combines world-class fishing opportunities, important cultural
heritage sites, and spectacular scenery.
SPECIAL REGULATIONS IN EFFECT!
Legend and regulations shown
on other side of this flyer
SS
to the Kenai and Russian Rivers!
Overview Map
RU
WELCOME
Chugach National Forest,
Seward Ranger District
(907) 288-3178
For questions or more information
about the Kenai-Russian River Confluence,
please contact:
Anchorage
NORTH
SCALE 1:2300
0
0.5
1 mile
2 km
Lower
Russian
Lake
Russian River
Campground
Opened to the public in 1986, and rededicated with new
exhibits in 2001, the Begich, Boggs Visitor Center is built
upon the terminal moraine left behind by Portage Glacier
in 1914.
The visitor center offers a unique opportunity to learn
about the Chugach National Forest. At 5.4 million acres,
the Chugach is one of the largest national forests in the
United States.
Award-winning exhibits, educational presentations, the
film “Retreat and Renewal” and information services are
available to serve the public.
3. Explorer Glacier Viewing Area
This area offers a great view of Explorer Glacier. Keep a
lookout for signs of beaver activity in the area.
Portage Valley offers visitors a lot to see and do,
from hiking and camping, to fishing, wildlife viewing
and photography. Here are a few places you won’t
want to miss!
4. Tangle Pond
Trout fishing opportunities exist.
5. Black Bear Campground
A 13-site campground designed for tent and small RV
camping. Cleared sites, campfire rings, bear-proof
dumpster, bear-proof food containers, water pump,
picnic tables and outhouses. No hookups or dump
station.
1. Moose Flats Day Use Area
A great spot to stop and have a picnic, enjoy a 1/2 mile
walk on the interpretive boardwalk trail, or do a little trout
fishing.
2. Alder Pond
Try your luck or practice your technique at this trout
fishing location.
(humpy) and silver (coho). Williwaw Nature Trail starts
here. This easy 1/2 mile trail connects the viewing
platform to Williwaw ponds. The creek near the trail is
closed to salmon fishing.
the maintained trail is not recommended. Avalanche
debris fields and cave-like structures are not stable and
serious injuries or death may occur. Length 0.9 miles.
Time: one hour round trip. Elevation gain: 100.
7. Williwaw Campground
A 60-site fully accessible campground designed for RV
and tent camping. Paved sites with pull-through style
parking pads, campfire rings, bear-proof dumpsters,
hand-water pumps, outhouses, picnic tables and bearproof food containers. No hookups or dump station.
10. Portage Glacier Cruises
Hour long tours of Portage Lake to Portage Glacier,
operated by Holland America under a special use permit
with the Forest Service. Forest Service interpreters
provide narration during each trip. Cruise operates from
mid-May thru mid-Sept. For information on trip times,
ticket prices and reservations call: 1-800-544-2206.
8. Williwaw Ponds
Trout fishing opportunities exist.
6. Williwaw Salmon Viewing Platform
Early August through mid-November you can see
salmon traveling up the creek to spawn. Species
normally seen are red (sockeye), chum (dog), pink
9. Byron Glacier Trail
An easy to moderate trail along Byron Creek. Avalanche
danger exists throughout winter into spring. Travel past
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Trail of Blue Ice
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If you plan on fishing, be sure to check the Alaska
Department of Fish and Game’s fishing regulations
before you go.
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Begich, Boggs
Visitor Center
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13. Portage Glacier Day Lodge
Privately owned gift shop and restaurant operated year
around under special use permit from the Forest Service.
For more information, please call (907) 783-3117.
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The center is also available for special events, meetings, educational activities and may be rented. For
more information call 907-783-2326 during the summer or 907-783-3242 year round.
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The BEGICH, BOGGS VISITOR CENTER is
open daily 9am-6pm from Memorial Day
weekend through Labor Day.
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tour & Byron
Glacier Trail
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Portage
Glacier
Day Lodge
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Portage C
12. Gary Williams Moraine Nature Trail
An easy, self-guided trail showing glacial effects upon
the landscape. Length: 1/4 mile loop. Time: 20 minutes.
Elevation gain: 25 ft.
11
toll booth &
staging area
scenic
viewpoint &
paddlecraft access
EXPL
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13
12
CHUGACH MOUNTAINS
lakeshore. Length: 2 miles. Time: Three-four hours.
Elevation gain: 750 feet.
11. Portage Pass Trail
Trail starts on the Whittier side of the tunnel.
This moderate trail leads to Portage Pass with
spectacular views of Portage Lake and Glacier, and
the surrounding sub-alpine terrain, and continues to
Portage
Lake
Begich,
Boggs
Visitor
Center
Portage
Hwy.
Points of Interest
B
GL URN
AC S
IER
Begich, Boggs Visitor Center
PORTAGE
GLACIER
N
For more information about
Portage Valley please contact:
Why is the Ice Blue?
Watchable Wildlife
Wild Weather
These rivers of ice remind us of times long past. Yet,
today, these icy giants continue to exert their influence on the land. Their effects can be seen throughout
South-central Alaska. Some of the more common signs
of glaci
Gold
Panning
A Guide to recreational goldpanning
on the Kenai Peninsula, Chugach National Forest, Alaska
GOLD
PANNING
A guide to recreational gold panning on the Kenai Peninsula,
Chugach National Forest, Alaska
Written by
Carol Huber
Chugach National Forest, Anchorage, Alaska
&
Joseph Kurtak
Bureau of Land Management, Anchorage, Alaska
Technical assistance by
Nathan Rathbun
Bureau of Land Management, Anchorage, Alaska
(formerly with the U.S. Bureau of Mines)
Graphic design and editing by
David L. Allen & Charles Lindemuth
Chugach National Forest, Anchorage, Alaska
Graphic art by
Kathy Sarns
Chugach National Forest, Anchorage, Alaska
Contents
Welcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Gold – Significance and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Kenai Peninsula Mining – a History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Mining Right & Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Geology of the Northern Kenai Peninsula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Equipment you will need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
For your safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Where to look for gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
How to pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Kenai Peninsula gold panning areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
map1: Panning sites on the Kenai Peninsula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Bertha Creek panning area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
map 2: Bertha Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Six Mile Creek panning area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
map 3: Sixmile Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Resurrection Creek panning area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
map 4: Resurrection Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Crescent Creek panning area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
map 5: Crescent Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
How much gold have you found? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
A glossary of mining terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Further Reading… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
More Information… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Welcome
Striking it rich! Finding the mother lode! ‘Tis the stuff of miners’
dreams. Unlike professional gold seekers, recreational gold panners benefit mostly from the adventure. The entire family can share
in the fun of prospecting and gold panning.
In this booklet, we explain basic gold panning techniques, how to
find gold, discuss mining rights and guidelines, and identify areas
available for recreational panning on the Chugach National Forest
portion of Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula.
Recreational gold panning on lands withdrawn from mineral entry
is not a mining activity—it is a privilege. Be aware that panning,
sluicing, and suction dredging can adversely affect water quality,
thereby impacting vegetation, fish, wildlife, and ultimately people.
During the process of separating soil from minerals, silt may be
washed into streams, creating turbid water. Fish, fish eggs, and the
aquatic insects have difficulty living in heavily silted water because
of its reduced oxygen supply.
Avoid washing soil and vegetation into streams, and do not dig in
stream banks. This increases silt in the stream and is also dangerous. Many banks are unstable and can slide without warning.
To reduce silt, dig only in active stream gravels. Return rocks or
boulders moved during your efforts to their original positions.
Aquatic insects, an important food source for salmon, often make
their homes under these rocks. A little care will help ensure a
healthy water ecosystem for both miners and anglers.
Good luck and good prospecting!
2
Gold – Significance and Use
The brightness and ornamental beauty of gold have fascinated humans for at
Common
Trees of Alaska
United States
Department of
Agriculture
Prepared by
Forest Service
Alaska Region
R10-XX-XXX
August 2009
Mountain hemlock – Tsuga mertensiana
Needles
• Light- to medium-green on top, with two whitish parallel lines beneath, needles are unequal
in length from 1/4 to 7/8 inch long;
• Blunt-tipped, soft, shiny, and flat, generally
growing from two sides of branch parallel to
the ground.
Cones
• Brown, oval-shaped, 5/8 to 1 inch long;
• Thin, papery scales.
Bark
• Reddish-brown when young, turning graybrown;
• Scaly when young, becoming thick and furrowed with age.
Size at maturity and life span
• 100 to 150 feet in height and 2 to 4 feet in
diameter;
• 200 to 500 years.
Habitat and distribution
• Sea level to subalpine areas;
• Along Coast Range in central California to the
Kenai Peninsula of Alaska.
Needles
• Dark green, white lines on both surfaces, moreor-less equal in length, 1/2 to 1 inch long;
• Soft and growing from all sides of the branch in
a bottle brush pattern.
Cones
• Purplish when young, brown when mature;
• Cylindrical, 1 to 2-1/2 inches long;
• Thin, papery scales.
Bark
• Divided into narrow flattened ridges, becoming
thick and deeply furrowed with age;
• Gray when young, turning reddish brown with
age.
Size at maturity and life span
• 50 to 100 feet in height and 10 to 30 inches in
diameter, can be prostrate in alpine;
• Slow-growing trees, size 18 to 20 inches in
diameter at 180 – 260 years;
• 400 to 500 years
Habitat and distribution
• Sea level to 3,500 feet elevation;
• From crest of the Sierra-Nevada in California to
the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska.
Mountain hemlock – Tsuga mertensiana
Western hemlock – Tsuga heterophylla
Western hemlock – Tsuga heterophylla
Alaska yellow-cedar
Cupressus nootkatensis
Needles
• Scalelike shiny yellow-green. 1/16 to 1/8 inch
long;
• Springy, fan-shaped sprays of branches, turning
up at ends;
• Branch sprays flat and symmetrical, bottom
side with white stomate markings.
Cones
• Brown, oval-shaped, 1/2 inch long;
• Clustered near end of branches;
• Cone scales overlap, woody, and curve outward at maturity.
Bark
• Fibrous and stringy;
• Cinnamon-red when young, becoming gray
with age.
Size at maturity and life span
• 70 to 100 feet in height in Southeast Alaska
(growing much taller in southern part of range)
and 2 to 4 feet in diameter (occasionally reaching 6 feet);
• 300 to 700 years (occasionally 1,000).
Habitat and distribution
• Coastal forests;
• Sea level to 500 feet in elevation;
• From northwestern California to Southeast
Alaska just south of Frederick Sound.
Western redcedar – Thuja pilcata
Alaska yellow-cedar – Cupressus nootkatensis
Needles
• Scalelike, overlapping, sharp pointed, 1/16 to
1/8 inch long;
• Yellow-green to deep green;
• Top and bottom of branch sprays similar, without apparent white stomate markings.
Cones
• Spherical about 1/2 inch in diameter;
• Green, maturing to brown in 2 years;
• Made of 4-6 shield-shaped scales, sharp central point on each scale, scales do not overlap.
Bark
• Shredding, grayish brown.
Size at maturity and life span
• Slow-growing trees;
• 40 to 100 feet tall, and 1 to 2 feet in diameter;
• Shrub-sized and contorted in bogs and at tree
line;
• Lives up to 1,500 years.
Habitat and distribution
• Wetland and subalpine forests;
• Sea level to tree line;
• From Oregon north along coast through Prince
William Sound, Alaska.
Western redcedar – Thuja plicata
Sitka Spruce – Picea sitchensis
White spruce – Picea glauca
Alaska’s state tree
Needles
• Dark blue-green, squarish, 5/8 to 1 inch long;
• Needles sharp, growing on all sides of branches from woody pegs, a character common to
spruce.
Cones
• Light orange-brown, 2 to 3-1/2 inches long;
• Usually found in the top quarter of tree, hanging down from branches;
• Papery scales.
Bark
• Thin and smooth when young, developing
scaly plates with age;
• Gray, becoming dark purplish brown with age.
Size at maturity and life span
• 150 to 225 feet in height and 5 to 8 feet in
diameter;
• Grows to larger size in southern part of its
range;
• 500 to 700 years.
Habitat and distribution
• Well-drained, upland and riparian forests;
• Sea level to tree line;
• From northern California, northwest along the
coastline to the Alaska Peninsula.
Needles
• 3/4 to 1 inch long, blue-green, four-angled
with whitish lines on all sides;
• Rigid, pointed, but not sharp to the touch;
• Usually crowded on upper side of the branch.
Cones
• 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 inches long, light brown;
• Narrowly oblong, nearly stalkless, hanging
down;
• Scales thin and flexible with smooth margins.
Bark
• Thin, scaly to smooth;
• Gray-brown, with white inner bark.
Size at maturity and life span
• 40 to 70 feet tall, 6 to 18 inches in diameter;
• Reaches 80 to 115 feet tall, 30 inches in diameter;
• Tree crown, narrow or spire-like;
• Can live an age of 250 to 300 years.
Habitat and distribution
• From sea level to tree line on a wide variety of
habitats;
• Throughout southcentral
Lichens of
Alaska’s
South Coast
United States
Department of
Agriculture
Forest Service
Alaska Region
R10-RG-190
July 2011
WHAT IS A LICHEN?
Lichens are specialized fungi that “farm” algae as a food source.
Unlike molds, mildews, and mushrooms that parasi ze or
scavenge food from other organisms, the fungus of a lichen
cul vates ny algae and / or blue-green bacteria (called
cyanobacteria) within the fabric of interwoven fungal threads
that form the body of the lichen (or thallus). The algae and
cyanobacteria produce food for themselves and for the fungus
by conver ng carbon dioxide and water into sugars using the
sun’s energy (photosynthesis). Thus, a lichen is a combina on of
two or some mes three organisms living together.
Perhaps the most important contribu on of the fungus is to
provide a protec ve habitat for the algae or cyanobacteria.
The green or blue-green photosynthe c layer is o en visible
between two white fungal layers if a piece of lichen thallus is
torn off. Most lichen-forming fungi cannot exist without the
photosynthe c partner because they have become dependent
on them for survival. But in all cases, a fungus looks quite
different in the lichenized form compared to its free-living form.
HOW DO LICHENS REPRODUCE?
Figure 1. Apothecia, fruiting
bodies
Figure 2. Soralia, small openings
on thallus surface.
Figure 3. Soredia, dust-like
granules.
Lichens sexually reproduce
with frui ng bodies of various
shapes and colors that can
o en look like miniature
mushrooms. These are called
apothecia (Fig. 1) and contain
spores that germinate and
grow into the fungus. Each
fungus must find the right
photosynthe c partner in
order to become a lichen.
Lichens reproduce asexually
in several ways. Some lichens
have openings on the thallus
surface called soralia (Fig. 2).
Inside, ny dust-like granules
called soredia (Fig. 3) are
produced. Soredia contain
algae and fungal cells that
escape from the parent lichen
and grow into a new lichen
thallus. Other lichens produce
outgrowths that break off and
grow into the same lichen
they came from. These are
called isidia ( ny, cylindrical
projec ons, Fig. 4) or lobules
(li le flaps of ssue, Fig. 5).
These structures are o en
very important to no ce for
the proper iden fica on of
lichens.
DIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY
Lichens come in many shapes, Figure 4. Isidia, tiny projections.
sizes, and colors. A lichen
thallus has one of three
general growth forms: foliose,
fru cose, or crustose. Foliose
lichens are leaf-like with
different upper and lower
surfaces. Fru cose lichens
are hair-like or bushy with no
Figure 5. Lobules, flaps of tissue.
obvious difference between
upper and lower surfaces. Crustose lichens are so closely
a ached to a surface, like paint spots, that the lower surface
is not easily observable.
Lichens have specialized features enabling them to survive
long periods of drought. In a dehydrated, inac ve state
they can resist extreme high and low temperatures and s ll
func on op mally whenever condi ons become just right.
Well adapted for life in marginal habitats, lichens produce
more than 500 unique biochemical compounds that serve to
control light exposure, repel herbivores and microbes, and
discourage compe on from plants. Among these are many
pigments and an bio cs that are useful to humans.
Lichens are considered to be nature’s pioneers because
they colonize newly exposed surfaces. Lichens containing
cyanobacteria fix their own nitrogen from the air into a form
usable by other plants as a form of fer lizer. This form of
nitrogen is released into the environment as rain washes over
the lichens or when lichens die and fall to the ground. These
lichen types tend to live in nitrogen-poor habitats such as
bare rock surfaces, the forest canopy, or on sandy soils.
Lichens provide food for many animals including flying
squirrels, black-tailed deer, and mountain goats. Many
invertebrates use lichens for food or for shelter.
The diverse ecosystems along the south coast of Alaska
provide abundant habitats for the more than 1,000 different
lichens known to occur here. Some are very rare and cryp c.
Many lichens are generalists and can grow in more than one
habitat. Some lichens only grow in specific habitats such as
upper dal rocks, conifer forests, alpine, or sandy soils near
glaciers.
LICHENS AND AIR QUALITY MONITORING
Lichens are not protected by bark, nor do they possess an
external waxy layer to prevent water loss like plant leaves.
Lacking roots and other structures to transport food and
water, lichens absorb moisture into the thallus directly from
the humid air or rainfall, and can become quickly saturated
like a sponge. Lichens dry out by losing moisture through
evapora on when windy or dry condi ons exist. As drying
occurs, elements and compounds that entered with moisture
from the surrounding environment become concentrated
in the lichen. During high rainfall periods, mobile nutrients
and pollutants are slowly leached from the lichen. In this
way lichen
Wildflowers of the
National Forests
in Alaska
United States Forest Service
Department of Alaska Region
Agriculture
R10-RG-201
MAR 2012
Liverleaf wintergreen
Pyrola asarifolia
Evergreen perennial, to 16" tall. Leaves
stalked, arising from plant’s base, oval,
with smooth margins, leathery and
shiny. Flowers pink, numerous, bellshaped, attached to upper half of leafless central stalk. In forests and thickets
from Juneau to north and west.
Early blueberry
Vaccinium ovalifolium
Deciduous shrub, average 6' tall. Leaves
with smooth to slightly toothed margins.
Flowers pink to bronze, urn-shaped,
emerge before or with the leaves. Fruit a
spherical, dull or shiny, deep-blue to blackish berry. Common in forest understory, or
in forest openings from sea level to subalpine. Edible. Alaska blueberry (pink-bronze
flowers & shiny berries) is included here.
PINK
Fool's huckleberry
Menziesia ferruginea
Deciduous shrub, to 10' tall. Leaves with
smooth margins, bluish-green, somewhat hairy. Flowers light pink to bronze,
urn-shaped. Fruit, dry capsule. Common
in forest understory from sea level to
subalpine. Also called rusty menziesia,
or false azalea.
Northern bog rosemary
Andromeda polifolia var. polifolia
Evergreen shrub, to 15" tall, spindly
habit. Leaves alternate along stem,
leathery, edges rolled under, distinct
web-like vein pattern above, powdery
white beneath. Flowers pink, urnshaped. Common in peat bogs. Sea level
to subalpine. Poisonous.
Bog laurel
Kalmia microphylla
Evergreen shrub, to 20" tall, spindly.
Leaves opposite along stem, dark green,
leathery, shiny, with 1 main vein visible on top, edges rolled under, whitish
beneath. Flowers pink to lavender,
saucer-shaped, about 3/4" across. Peat
bogs in southeast Alaska from sea level
to subalpine. Poisonous.
2
Alpine azalea
Kalmia procumbens
Evergreen dwarf shrub, mat forming,
appressed to the soil or exposed rock
faces. Heavily branched with somewhat
shiny leaves ¼” long or less, narrowly
oval, with under-rolled leaf margins.
Tiny flowers (a little less than ¼” wide)
white to magenta, open bell-shaped
with 5 shallow petals, upward facing.
Fruit a dry capsule. Common in the
alpine.
Wandering fleabane
Erigeron peregrinus var. peregrinus
Perennial herb with a single stem to 20"
tall. Leaves few, arising from base of
plant, narrow toward base, stem leaves
narrowly lance-shaped to oblong. Single
daisy-like flower-head with light pink
to purple ray flowers. Center of flowerhead yellow. Common in meadows and
muskegs, from sea level to alpine.
MAGENTA
Rubus arcticus
Small perennial herb to 6" tall. Erect
stem with solitary flower and 2-5 leaves.
Leaves 3-lobed, or with 3 leaflets, somewhat toothed, finely hairy. Flower with
5 deep pink to magenta petals, about 1"
across. Fruit deep red, similar to a blackberry, about 2/3" across. Beach meadows, bogs, wet meadows. Delicious fruit
highly prized for pies and jams.
PINK
Nagoonberry
Salmonberry
Rubus spectabilis
Deciduous shrub to 13' tall. Stems
prickly. Leaves with 3 sharply-toothed
leaflets. Solitary flowers with 5 deep
pink petals, 1" across. Fruit similar to
a raspberry, yellow to red. Plant grows
rapidly, forming dense thickets. Common in disturbed areas, forest edges,
subalpine meadows. Fruit edible but watery and rather insipid, good for sauces
and jam.
Fireweed
Chamerion angustifolium
Perennial herb, from 3-10' tall. Unbranched stem erect with numerous
lance-shaped leaves, flowers on upper
half of stem. Many showy flowers to
1.5" across, with 4 deep pink petals.
Produces fluffy airborne seeds. Can form
spectacular stands in disturbed or burntover areas. Spring shoots are edible.
Nectar produces excellent honey.
3
Dwarf fireweed
Chamerion latifolium
Perennial herb from 1-3' tall. Stem
variously branched, reclining to erect.
Leaves oval, margins smooth, fleshy
with whitish "bloom". Flowers deep
pink, large (1.5" across). Common in
sandy areas, river bars, recently deglaciated areas, rocky areas in subalpine and
alpine. Also called river beauty.
Pretty shooting star
Dodecatheon pulchellum
Perennial herb, to 18" tall, leaves and
flowering stems arising from plant's
base. Leaves lance-shaped to spoonshaped, blunt, margins smooth. Showy
flowers in few-flowered clusters atop
leafless stem. Deep pink petals sweep
back from the white, yellow and dark
purple "center" or point of the flower.
Abundant in coastal and forest meadows, to alpine.
MAGENTA
Tall mountain shooting star
Dodecatheon jeffreyi
Perennial herb, to 18" tall, leaves and
flowering stems arising from plant's
base. Leaves lance-shaped to spoonshaped, blunt, margins smooth. Showy
flowers in few-flowered clusters atop
leafless stem. Deep pink petals sweep
back from the white and dark purple
"center" or point of the flower. Common
in bogs.
Mountain Indian paintbrush
Castilleja parviflora var. parviflora
Perennial herb, stems clustered, erect,
to 18" tall. Leaves 3-5 lobed, hairy.
"Flowers", deep pink to magenta,
clustered on upp
Mushrooms
of the
National Forests
in Alaska
United States
Department of
Agriculture
Forest Service
Alaska Region
R10 - RG -209
FEB 2013
Introduction
The coastal temperate rainforests of the Tongass and Chugach
national forests often produce prolific fruitings of mushrooms
in late summer and fall. For many Alaskans, mushrooms are a
source of food. For others, they are a source of pigments for
dyeing wool and other natural fibers. Still others merely enjoy
their beauty. However, all Alaskans should appreciate these
fungi for, without them, there would be no forests here.
This brochure presents an introduction to mushrooms and
illustrates a number of the more common and interesting
of our local species to help Alaskans and visitors to better
understand and enjoy our magnificent national forests. Unlike
most plants, birds, and mammals, very few mushrooms have
common names. Thus, while we have used common names
where they exist, many of the species in this brochure can be
referred to only by their scientific names. But, never fear. If
you can talk with your kids about Tyrannosaurus rex, you can
handle mushroom names!
What is a mushroom?
Mushrooms are produced by some fungi (singular: fungus),
and their primary purpose is to make and spread tiny
reproductive propagules called spores, which function much
like plant seeds. After long being considered primitive plants,
fungi now are accepted as their own kingdom. Unlike plants,
fungi cannot make their own food, and their cell walls contain
chitin rather than cellulose. Interestingly, chitin also is found
in insect exoskeletons, providing evidence that the fungi are
more closely related to animals (including us!) than they are
to plants.
Mushrooms arise from a mycelium (plural: mycelia), which
is the actual “body” of the fungus and is comprised of a
network of many tube-like microscopic filaments called
hyphae (singular: hypha). Hyphae grow at their tips and are
able to infiltrate a wide variety of substrates such as wood,
leaf litter, soil, and even left-over pizza.
Mushrooms to most people are umbrella-shaped structures
with plate-like gills on the underside of their caps. However,
besides the gilled mushrooms, there are others in many
shapes and sizes, and they produce their spores in a variety
of ways. Other major groups include chanterelles, boletes,
polypores, spine-fungi, club- and coral-fungi, puffballs,
jelly-fungi, cup-fungi, morels, false morels, and elfin saddles.
Figure 1 shows the parts of a gilled mushroom. Learning the
terminology will make it much easier for you to communicate
with others about mushrooms and to make use of tools for
identifying them.
2 U.S. Forest Service, Alaska Region
Patch (remnant of universal veil)
Cap (pileus)
Cap margin
Gills (lamellae)
Ring (remnant
of partial veil)
Stalk (stipe)
Volva (remnant of
universal veil)
Figure 1. Parts of a gilled mushroom.
How do fungi reproduce?
The primary purpose of a mushroom is to disperse spores
into the environment in hopes that they will land in a location
with suitable moisture, temperature, and nutrient conditions
to germinate and grow into a new mycelium. Each mushroom
is capable of producing anywhere from thousands to billions
of spores, but only an incredibly tiny fraction of them are
successful. Reproduction cannot occur unless the mycelium of
one mating type merges with the mycelium of a compatible
type. Once this has happened, sexual reproduction, including
the formation of mushrooms and production of spores, can
occur, completing the life cycle (Figure 2).
Ecological Roles of Fungi
While fungi are found in almost every environment,
mushroom-forming species are especially prevalent in
forests. There they play critical roles in nutrient cycling, soil
aggregation, and water retention, as well as provide a food
source for animals large and small. In general, the three
main lifestyles of mushroom-producing fungi in forests are
decomposer, mycorrhizal partner, and parasite.
Mushrooms of the National Forests in Alaska 3
Figure 2. Life cycle of a typical mushroom fungus.
Along with bacteria and other organisms, fungi break down all
of the forest’s plant, animal, and microbial matter and make
its components available for new generations of life. Fungi are
particularly important in breaking down tough plant debris, as
they are the only organisms capable of decomposing lignin, a
major component of wood and other plant tissues.
Many fungi form mycorrhizal (“fungus root”) associations
with plants (Figure 3). This is mutually beneficial for both
fungi and plants, as the plants receive nutrients such as
nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as water and protection
from soil pathogens, and the fungi get sugars produced by
the plants. All of Alaska’s trees require mycorrhizal fungi for
survival and growth, as do nearly all other plants.
Relatively few parasitic fungi produce mushrooms. Most
of them, such as honey mushrooms (genus Armillaria) and
some polypores (such as Phaeolus schweini
Selected
Invasive
Plants
of Alaska
2004
United States
Department of
Agriculture
Forest Service,
Alaska Region
R10-TP-130B
Produced by State & Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection
When trying to identify an unknown plant, color photos often help.
This pocket guide provides a selection of invasive plants found across
Alaska today. This booklet is not intended to take the place of more
comprehensive reference guides, but to help those unfamiliar with
these species to begin to recognize them, as the first step towards
taking action.
Non-native invasive plants displace native vegetation, degrade wildlife
habitat, and negatively affect human health, the economy, and the
environment. Factors such as geographic isolation and harsh winters
have protected Alaska from large-scale invasive plant infestations in
the past. Recently, however, some of the most harmful noxious weeds
of the lower 48 states have begun to grow and spread in Alaska.
Many of the invasive plants featured in this booklet have been
responsible for significant economic losses and environmental
damage across North America over the past two centuries. Other
species featured here (Siberian peashrub and European bird cherry)
have been dependable components of Alaska’s urban landscape, but
were included because they have recently been observed spreading
aggressively into Alaskan wildlands and natural areas.
There are many ways invasive plants are introduced to Alaska. Seeds
and plant parts can travel in the root balls of nursery stock, in animal
feed, tires, recreational equipment, or as components of wildflower
seed mixes. Movement of people and equipment within natural areas
and site-disturbing projects, such as road-building and construction,
can create inroads for invasive plants.
Alaskans have the chance to prevent invasive plant infestations before
they become so widespread that control is costly and eradication
impossible. This invasive plant booklet is designed to assist with
identifying some of the most problematic species that are now moving
along the roads, streams and beaches of Alaska. Thank you for doing
your part to insure that these invasive plant species, and others like
them, do not spread into Alaska's wildlands.
Photos provided by the Forest Service or the UAF Cooperative Extension Service unless noted.
NATIONAL
PARK
SERVICE
UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA
FAIRBANKS
Department
of the Interior
College of Rural Alaska
Cooperative Extension Service
Spotted Knapweed on Turnagain Arm
In Alaska we are concentrating on prevention,
early detection, and rapid response.
Prevention:
Keeping these invasive plant species from becoming established in
Alaska is the highest priority. This booklet is a tool to help identify
some of the species of greatest concern in Alaska.
Early Detection & Rapid Response:
Not only is it important to recognize these plants, but it is imperative
that we find small infestations before they become too difficult to
control. For example, spotted knapweed has been found five times
within Alaska, but luckily these sites were discovered when the
populations were less than 100 plants each.
The Alaska Soil and Water Conservation Districts are in the process
of forming “Cooperative Weed Management Areas” (CWMAs) across
the state. The CWMAs will be actively involved in the detection,
monitoring, and treatment of problematic invasive plant populations.
For additional information about invasive plants in Alaska:
Contact your local UAF Cooperative Extension Service office or
appropriate local land management agency.
Or visit:
http://www.uaf.edu/coop-ext
http://www.fs.fed.us/r10/spf/fhp/
http://www.cnipm.org/index.html
To view or contribute to the state-wide database of exotic plants:
http://akweeds.uaa.alaska.edu/akweeds2.html
This document was produced by:
Michael Shephard, USDA Forest Service, State & Private Forestry
Tom Huette, USDA Forest Service, State & Private Forestry
Jamie M. Snyder, UAF Cooperative Extension Service
(see back pages for index)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Sunflower Family
•
A perennial that grows to five feet tall with erect, ridged,
branching stems. Leaves curled, wavy, oblong, alternate on
stem with woolly hairs on underside. Leaves arise directly from
the stem without a distinct leaf stalk. Flowers are purple-pink
in clusters at the ends of branches.
•
Forms colonies via an extensive horizontal and vertical root
system; can eventually cover acres. Also spreads by windblown seeds. Young plants appear as basal rosettes that bolt
in late summer. Grows in fields, pastures, forests, and along
roadsides, ditches, and river banks.
•
Restricts recreational land use, scratches and infects animal
skin, and produces allelopathic chemicals to suppress
surrounding vegetation. Very difficult to eradicate once
established.
Sunflower Family
Forest Service • Alaska Region, September 2004 • www.fs.fed.us/r10/spf/fhp/
1
Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare)
Bull Th
United States Department of Agriculture
Alaska Burn Morels
Most morels in Alaska grow in recently burned areas,
with the greatest abundance typically found in the
springtime, 1-3 years after a fire.
Harvesting morels in recently burned areas can be
hazardous. Be aware of unstable trees, ash pits with
active embers, and slippery soils. It’s easy to get lost
in burn areas, so carry a GPS or compass. Bears are
active and hungry in the spring: make noise and carry
deterrents. Be Bear Aware.
Morels resemble other closely related species
frequently found in similar habitats. These run the
True Morels
gamut from choice to deadly poisonous, so learning to
identify true morels from “false” morels is critical. Any
edible in this group should always be well-cooked. Raw and undercooked specimens are responsible for a large
number of poisonings each year.
!
True Morels (Morchella spp.) can vary in color. Typically those
found in burn areas are dark brown, gray, or black. They have conic
to rounded caps with a network of ridges and pits, are completely
hollow, and a cap that is attached along its entire length to the
stem. Morels are considered choice edibles Some people cannot
tolerate morels even when well-cooked.
Early False Morel (Verpa bohemica) can be very common in the
spring, especially among alder and cottonwood. Its cap is
bell-shaped, brown and wrinkled, and is only attached at the top
of the stem. The stem is thick and white, and stuffed with fine
cottony threads. Although commonly collected, this mushroom
can cause gastric upset.
!
Early False Morel
Spring False Morels (Gyromitra esculenta) are frequently found
in burn and natural areas when true morels are also out. The caps
of this false morel are irregular to slightly lobed or saddle shaped
with a brain like surface that varies from dull red to reddish brown
or darker brown. The interior is folded, with one or more chambers.
This mushroom can cause serious illness and death.
Find out more about harvesting morels
Spring False Morels
The Alaska Interagency Coordination Center (fire.ak.blm.gov) has
updated fire information including fire history maps. The University
of Alaska Fairbanks Cooperative Extension Service (cespubs.uaf.
edu) has a useful publication about morels.
Be aware of land ownership as rules with regards to personal or commercial morel harvesting varies by land
owner or land management agency.
all photos ©Noah Siegel
Forest
Service
Alaska
Region
Chugach
National Forest
fs.usda.gov/chugach
May
2020
