Fort Abercrombie

Fort Abercrombie SHP https://dnr.alaska.gov/parks/aspunits/kodiak/fortabercrombieshp.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Abercrombie_State_Historical_Park Fort Abercrombie State Historical Park is on Kodiak Island, Alaska. The park is noted for its historical World War II fortifications and its scenery, which includes bluffs overlooking the ocean, spruce forests, and meadows. The site was named in honor of the early Alaska explorer and United States Army officer Lt. Col. William R. Abercrombie. The fortifications, whose surviving elements include gun emplacements, underground magazines, and foundational remnants of buildings, were built in 1941 and abandoned after the war ended, having seen no action. Park facilities include a campground (best suited for tent camping as the park's narrow and winding roads make RV access difficult), a group camping area, a picnic area, and hiking trails.

Welcome to For More Information .RGLDN'LVWULFW2IÀFH $EHUFURPELH'ULYH Kodiak, AK 99615 (907)486-6339 ZZZDODVNDVWDWHSDUNVRUJ GQUSNVNRGLDN#DODVNDJRY Early History ´$ODVND6WDWH3DUNVµRQ)DFHERRN Fort Abercrombie State Historical Park 7KH.RGLDN$UFKLSHODJRKDVEHHQKRPHWR WKH$OXWLLTSHRSOHIRUDWOHDVW\HDUV $UFKDHRORJLVWVEUHDNWKHSUHKLVWRU\RIWKH .RGLDNUHJLRQLQWRWKUHHWUDGLWLRQVHDFK UHSUHVHQWLQJDGLVWLQFWZD\RIOLIH7KH2FHDQ %D\7UDGLWLRQ WR%3 LVFKDUDFWHUL]HG E\DPRELOHKXQWLQJDQGJDWKHULQJOLIHVW\OH 7KHSHRSOHRIWKH.DFKHPDN7UDGLWLRQ  WR%3 OHGDVHWWOHGYLOODJHOLIHZLWKDQ LQFUHDVHGHPSKDVLVRQÀVKLQJ)LQDOO\WKH .RQLDJ7UDGLWLRQ %3WR$' UDQNHG VRFLHWLHVZLWKKHUHGLWDU\FKLHIVZKRPDLQWDLQHG SRZHUWKURXJKWUDGHZDUIDUHDQGFHUHPRQ\ $GMDFHQWWRWKHSDUNDWWKH0RQDVKND%D\VLWH DSUHKLVWRULFVHWWOHPHQWUHYHDOHGDUWLIDFWVIURP ERWKWKH.DFKHPDNDQG.RQLDJ7UDGLWLRQV ,Q5XVVLDQWUDGHUVHVWDEOLVKHGWKHLUÀUVW SHUPDQHQWVHWWOHPHQWLQ$PHULFDDW7KUHH 6DLQWV%D\RQO\PLOHVVRXWKHDVWRIWKH SDUN%\WKHSDUNDUHDZDVLGHQWLÀHGRQ 5XVVLDQFKDUWVDV0\V0HOQLFKQR\RU0LOO&DSH $IWHUWKHWUDQVIHURI$ODVNDIURP5XVVLDWR WKH8QLWHG6WDWHV0LOOHU3RLQWFRQWLQXHGDVD SODFHQDPHIRUWKHDUHDDQDSSDUHQWWUDQVODWLRQ IURPWKH5XVVLDQQDPH Background photo: Rough waters off Miller Point Photo courtesy of Steve Neel View from Miller Point Photo courtesy of Steve Neel A Division of the Department of Natural Resources Alaska State Parks 8-inch gun barrel at Miller Point Photo courtesy of Wanda Scholze World War II Distant Electrical Control shelter Photo courtesy of Steve Neel Welcome 2IDOOWKHSODFHVLQ$ODVNDIHZKDYHWKH ZHDOWKRIZLOGOLIHVFHQHU\DQGKLVWRU\WKDW )RUW$EHUFURPELH6WDWH+LVWRULFDO3DUN 6+3  RIIHUV7KHUXLQVRID:RUOG:DU,,FRDVWDO GHIHQVHLQVWDOODWLRQFRXSOHGZLWKVWHHS VXUISRXQGHGFOLIIVGHHSVSUXFHIRUHVWV DQGZLOGÁRZHUODGHQPHDGRZVRIIHU\RXD XQLTXHRSSRUWXQLW\WROHDUQDERXWWKHHYHQWV RI:RUOG:DU,,ZKLOHHQMR\LQJWKHQDWXUDO EHDXW\RI.RGLDN,VODQG Background photo: Light, mist and trees at Fort Abercrombie Photo courtesy of Steve Neel $ODVND·VVWUDWHJLFORFDWLRQFDOOHGIRUWKH EXLOGXSRIFRDVWDOGHIHQVHVDWWKHRQVHWRI :RUOG:DU,,,Q3UHVLGHQW)UDQNOLQ 5RRVHYHOWVLJQHGDQH[HFXWLYHRUGHU HVWDEOLVKLQJDPLOLWDU\UHVHUYDWLRQLQWKHYLFLQLW\ RI0LOOHU3RLQW7KHREVHUYDWLRQSRVWZDV PDQQHGE\%DWWHU\$RIWKHth&RDVW$UWLOOHU\ 5HJLPHQWDQGHTXLSSHGZLWKDSDLURI HLJKWLQFK0DUN9,EDWWOHVKLSJXQVWRGHIHQG .RGLDN·VQDYDOLQVWDOODWLRQ3LHGPRQW3RLQW KRXVHGDQDGGLWLRQDOREVHUYDWLRQSRVWDQG D6&5UDGDUWRZHU³DFORVHO\JXDUGHG VHFUHWDWWKHWLPH7KHSRVWZDVQDPHG )RUW$EHUFURPELHDIWHU/W&RO:LOOLDP5 $EHUFURPELHDQGHYHQWXDOO\KRXVHG PHQLQ4XRQVHWKXWVDQGWHQWV 'HVSLWH-DSDQHVHDWWDFNVLQ'XWFK+DUERU DQGRFFXSDWLRQRI$WWXDQG.LVNDLVODQGV)RUW $EHUFURPELHQHYHUVDZHQHP\ÀUHDQGZDV DEDQGRQHGDIWHUWKHHQGRIWKHZDU $SDUNZDVHVWDEOLVKHGKHUHLQLQ UHFRJQLWLRQRILWVKLVWRULFDOUHVRXUFHVDQG VLQFHWKHQ)RUW$EHUFURPELHKDVEHFRPHDQ LUUHSODFHDEOHDVVHWWR.RGLDNDQGRQHRIRXU ÀQHVWVWDWHSDUNV Varileaf cinquefoil (Potentilla diversifolia) Photo courtesy of Lily Lewis Plant Life 7KHQRUWKHUQWHPSHUDWHUDLQIRUHVWRI)RUW $EHUFURPELHLVGRPLQDWHGE\6LWNDVSUXFH DQGDVKDGHWROHUDQWXQGHUVWRU\6KDGHG DQGOXVKO\JUHHQWKHIRUHVWLVDQLGHDO HQYLURQPHQWIRUWKHJURZWKRIPDQ\VSHFLHV RIPRVVHVWKDWDGRUQWKHWUHHWUXQNVDQG OLFKHQVWKDWKDQJIURPEUDQFKHV$ORQJWKH FRDVWDOZLOGÁRZHUPHDGRZVFKRFRODWHOLO\ ZLOGJHUDQLXPVKRRWLQJVWDUVURVHSXUSOH RUFKLG1RRWNDURVHDQGZLOGLULVDUHMXVWD VDPSOHRIWKHXQIRUJHWWDEOHDUUD\RIFRORU SDWWHUQVDQGWH[WXUHVWKDWPDNHXS´WKH (PHUDOG,VOHµ Chocolate lily (Fritillaria camschatcensis) Photo courtesy of Kerry Howard Stationed Wildlife Fort Abercrombie offers a multitude of wildlife viewing opportunities. Resident park mammals include the indigenous brown bat, short-tailed weasel, land otter, and tundra vole, as well as introduced species such as Sitka black-tailed deer, beaver, and muskrat. The famous Kodiak brown bear is occasionally seen, but the park is carefully managed to minimize bear and human conflicts. You can help by being mindful of your garbage and food at all times. There is exceptional whale watching from Miller Point, including humpback, fin, gray, and orca whales. Other aquatic mammals, such as harbor seals, sea lions, and sea otter are also frequently seen along the coastline. Birdwatchers should also take note: over 95 bird species inhabit the park and its shores throughout the year. A curious fox scans Photo courtesy of Phil Pringle Legend Restroom Photo courtesy of Jack Ransom Miller Point North Pacific Ocean N Parking A park naturalist teaches about wil

Phylum Arthropoda Phylum Mollusca Acorn Barnacle Balanus glandulus ~ 6 smooth plated sides ~ diameter usually less than 1.5 cm ~ stays moist by staying closed ~ opens up and feeds when under water Other Phyla Black Katy Chiton Katharina tunicata ~ has 8 shell plates ~ butterfly-shaped plates are often left by birds in the woods ~ a food source for native Alaskans Beach Hopper Traskorchestia traskiana ~ sometimes called sand fleas ~ length less than 1.8 cm ~ has 14 legs and looks like a shrimp ~ found at high tide line under algae Isopod Idotea spp. ~ various species ~ 1.5 cm, flattened body ~ lives under rocks ~ scavenger Shield Limpet Collisella pelta ~ snail with a cone-shaped shell ~ uses a muscular foot to attach to rocks ~ rasps food from rocks with file-like tongue called a radula Hermit Crab Pagurus spp. ~ 28 Species in Alaska ~ lives in a snail shell for protection ~ fight among selves for food and shells ~ not true crabs Sitka Periwinkle Littorina sitkana ~ round spiral shell, up to 1.5 cm long ~ most are brown or gray ~ some have lighter bands Pygmy Rock Crab Cancer oregonensis ~ heavy-looking, claws have black tips ~ adults are reddish brown ~ legs covered with small hairs ` ~ up to 5 cm wide Calcareous Tube Worm Phylum Annelida ~ tubes formed from calcium carbonate found in sea water ~ crown serves the dual purpose of respiration and filter feeding Seaslug Nudibranch ~ Latin: nudus, naked + brankhia, gills ~ breaths through feathery gills ~ sheds its shell after its larval stage Thatched Barnacle Semibalanus cariosus ~ 6 wall plates composed of vertical tube-like ribs giving a thatched look ~ eats by kicking food into its mouth ~ lives up to 15 years Graceful Kelp Crab Pugettia gracilis ~ carapace resembles a sheriff’s badge ~ length about 5 cm ~ found living on and eating kelp ~ often attaches kelp to carapace Yellow-Green Encrusting Sponge Halichondria panicea Phylum Porifera ~ simplest multi-cellular organism ~ no organs; body acts as a filter for feeding Blue Mussel Mytilus trossulus ~ smooth shell with growth lines ~ attaches to rocks with byssal threads ~ a favorite food of sea stars Snails and Welks ~ protected by a hard calcium shell ~ has plume-like gills and eyes on tentacles ~ has a single muscular foot with a cover called an operculum which protects it from predators and water loss Hairy Triton Fusitriton oregonensis Frilled Dogwinkle Nucella lamellosa Dire Welk Lirabuccinum dirum Clam Worm Nereis vexillosa Phylum Annelida ~ can grow to 30 cm ~ secretes an acid that it uses to burrow through clam shells ~ important food source for birds Gunnels and Pricklebacks Phylum Chordata ~ many members of these two families look similar ~ lives under rocks Tide Pool Sculpin Oligocottus maculosus Phylum Chordata ~ big head and tapering body ~ large pectoral fins ~ can change color to blend in Sea Anemone Phylum Cnidaria ~ cylindrical shape with an oral disk at the top ~ tentacles have stinging cells called nematocysts ~ tentacles fold in to capture prey File Dogwinkle Nucella lima Christmas Burrowing Rose Urticina crassicornis Anthopleura artemisia Urticina piscivora Marine Algae Phylum Echinodermata Sea Lettuce Ulva spp. ~ at least 11 different species ~ thin, transparent blade consisting of two cell layers ~ edible Black Pine Algae Neorhodomela larix ~ color is brownish-black to black ~ looks like “dreadlocks” ~ often has Sea Cauliflower attached Sea Sac Halosaccion glandiforme ~ sometimes called “deadman’s fingers” ~ water-filled sacs make good squirt guns when gently squeezed Green Sea Urchin Stronglocentrotus droebachiensis ~ can be red, purple, green or white ~ has 5 teeth operated by a jaw structure called an Aristotle’s lantern Pisaster ochraceus Sea Star ~ Class Asteroidea ~ has a water vascular system that operates its tube feet ~ can regenerate lost limbs Orthasterias koehleri Blood Star Six-Rayed Star Sunflower Star Mottled Star Common Star Henricia leviuscula Crustose Corallines Clathromorphum, Lithothamnion, Melobesia, and Mesophyllum ~ exact species hard to identify ~ calcium carbonate in cell walls ~ contain chlorophyll ~ are photosynthetic Sea Cauliflower Leathesia marina ~ thick, convoluted outer layer ~ very slimy when torn ~ often attaches to Black Pine Algae Rock Weed or Pop Weed Fucus distichus ~ can reach lengths of 25 cm ~ fronds have air bladders on tips that contain reproductive structures ~ provides shelter for other organisms Bull Kelp Nereocysitis luetkeana ~ holdfast attaches alga to ocean floor ~ stalk ends in round bulb-shaped float ~ bulb has flat blades attached ~ bulb used for containers by native Alaskans Leptasterias hexactis Pycnopodia helianthoides Fort Abercrombie State Historical Park Guide to Marine Life Rainbow Star Evasterias troschelii Intertidal Zone The intertidal zone is the area between the highest high tide and the lowest low tide of the year. It is broken up into zones based upon vertical heig

Welcome to For More Information Kodiak District Office 1400 Abercrombie Drive Kodiak, AK 99615 (907) 486-6339 www.alaskastateparks.org dnr.pkskodiak@alaska.gov Kodiak History “Alaska State Parks” on Facebook Kodiak Area Alaska State Parks For at least 7,500 years, the Kodiak Archipelago has been home to the Alutiiq people, who depend on its natural abundance. Russian traders, drawn to Alaskan waters by huge sea otter populations, established their first permanent settlement in North America at Three Saints Bay in 1784. This settlement, near the present-day village of Old Harbor, moved to the site of present-day Kodiak in 1792 and became the center of Russian fur trading. Sea otter populations dwindled due to overhunting, and Russia lost interest in its American claims, eventually selling Alaska to the United States in 1867. Welcome Alaska’s “emerald isle” is just as verdant and striking as its name suggests, and visiting Kodiak’s state parks will reveal some of the best parts of its natural splendor. The remote parks: Shuyak Island State Park (SP), Afognak Island State Park, and Woody Island State Recreation Site (SRS), offer secluded getaways, backcountry fishing and hunting, and untouched wilderness. Fort Abercrombie State Historical Park (SHP) includes the ruins of a WWII-era Army installation, within a deep spruce forest surrounded by one of the island’s most scenic coastlines. Buskin River SRS and Pasagshak River SRS offer some of the best fishing on Kodiak. Wherever you end up, you’re sure to have an experience you’ll never forget. You just haven’t seen Alaska until you’ve seen Kodiak. The effects of World War II on Kodiak can still be seen at Fort Abercrombie SHP and Buskin River SRS, which were fortified as part of a coastal defense system. Kodiak was hit hard by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake and tsunami that destroyed much of the waterfront and business district, and wiped out the villages of Old Harbor and Kaguyak. Today, Kodiak is the center of a commercial fishing industry and a unique draw for explorers who want to experience some of the best Alaska has to offer. Background photo: Katmai coast from Shuyak Island SP Background photo: Light, mist, and trees at Fort Abercrombie SHP Photo courtesy of Lisa Hupp Photo courtesy of Steve Neel Alaska State Parks Wildlife Area Highlights The Kodiak Archipelago is home to many kinds of wildlife, ranging in size from the little brown bat to the famous Kodiak brown bear. The Kodiak bear is the only large mammal native to the island, but in the past century, Sitka black-tailed deer, mountain goats, and reindeer have been successfully introduced. Afognak Island has a healthy population of introduced Roosevelt elk that occasionally swim across to Kodiak Island. Humpback, fin, gray, and killer whales frequent these waters, and other aquatic mammals, such as harbor seals, sea lions, and sea otter can be seen along the coastline. There are also tremendous birdwatching opportunities, with over 95 species frequenting Fort Abercrombie SHP alone. On the Water Fishing and Hunting tos middendorffi) with Kodiak bear (Ursus arc er to courtesy of Greg Wilk The waters around Kodiak are renowned for their great fishing, and Kodiak’s state parks offer great places to land your catch. At Pasagshak and Buskin River you can fish for Dolly Varden, sockeye, pink, chum, and silver salmon. If you want to avoid the crowd, Fort Abercrombie has great lake fishing, and all the remote parks have great fishing spots if you’re willing to look. salmon Pho ary ice, National Digital Libr U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv Laura Lake Cabin at Afognak Island SP Lagoon Loop at Shuyak Island SP Picking blueberries at Fort Abercrombie SHP Photo courtesy of Dake Schmidt Always wear a life jacket. The waters around Kodiak Archipelago are cold and can be rough at times. When conditions are poor, be patient. Carry emergency communication and signaling devices on your person, plus food, water, and spare clothing for unexpected delays. File a float plan with family or a close friend describing your trip plan, boat, gear, and the size of the party. For more information on safe boating, visit www.alaskaboatingsafety.org. Shuyak Island SP and Afognak Island SP are popular with hunters looking to test their skills. Licenses are required for all hunting. Please consult current Alaska Department of Fish and Game regulations at www.adfg.alaska.gov before you begin your trip. Mulcahy View Cabin at Shuyak Island SP Be Bear Aware Kodiak is bear country. Even if you don’t see a bear, you’ll never be far from one. Bears are curious, intelligent, and potentially dangerous animals, but undue fear of bears can endanger both bears and people. By following these guidelines, you can avoid a risky encounter. A park naturalist teaches about the colorful and diverse wildlife in the intertidal zone. Photo courtesy of Jack Ransom • Avoid surprising bears; look for signs of bears and make plenty of noise

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Photo courtesy of Bill Berkhahn Wood-Tikchik State Park Photo courtesy of Wayne Biessel Photo courtesy of Nicole Acevedo Photo courtesy of Mary Kowalczyk Background photo courtesy of Donna Olson Independence Mine State Historical Park Fort Rousseau State Historical Park Totem Bight State Historical Park Wildlife Viewing Independence Mine State Historical Park Photo courtesy of Wanda Scholze Fort Abercrombie State Historical Park Brown bear, Chugach State Park Trails Whale Watching Photo courtesy of Dan Kehlenbach Background photo, Wood-Tikchik State Park Alaska State Parks boasts an unrivaled multiuse trail system. Trails range from paved, ADA accessible paths to challenging mountain scrambles. Explore the map inside or visit us online at www.alaskastatetrails.org to view interactive maps and download printable guides. Photo courtesy of Justin Wholey Crow Pass Trail, Chugach State Park Swimming Snowshoeing Photo courtesy of Kyle Joly Chena River State Recreation Area Snowmachining Skiing Photo courtesy of Wayde Carroll Petroglyph Beach State Historic Site Wickersham State Historic Site Photo courtesy of Donna Quante Willow Creek State Recreation Area Running Photo courtesy of Kyle Joly Wood-Tikchik State Park Relaxing Alaska State Parks offers Shelter Island State Marine Park more than 80 public-use cabins for rent year-round. These coveted cabins are booked months in advance, so make your reservation today! For more information visit http://dnr.alaska.gov/parks/cabins/index.htm. Photo courtesy of Andre Kaeppele Kachemak Bay State Park Pack Rafting Historic preservation is embedded in the Alaska State Parks’ mission statement. Our uniquely Alaskan State Historical Parks (SHP) and State Historic Sites (SHS) represent several eras of Alaska’s history and are as diverse as the places in which they reside: tour a hard-rock gold mining camp at Independence Mine SHP in Palmer; explore a WW II Army artillery base at Fort Abercrombie SHP in Kodiak; or view Tlingit and Haida designs on the totem poles and the clan house at Totem Bight SHP in Ketchikan. Rupe Andrews Cabin, Picnicking Public-Use Cabins Eklutna Lakeside Trail, Chugach State Park Photography Big Delta State Historical Park Johnson Lake State Recreation Area Birch Lake State Recreation Site Paragliding Pitch a tent in the backcountry or slide your RV into a drive-in slip. With over 2,500 campsites and limitless backcountry settings, there is no shortage of camping options in Alaska State Parks. Explore the map inside for a list of developed campgrounds. Orienteering History & Culture Camping For More Information: Visit us online at Alaska is big, wild, and scenic, www.alaskastateparks.org with a state park system to match. Encompassing Area Offices over 3.3 million acres of rugged, unspoiled terrain, Chugach State Park Potter Section House 18620 Seward Hwy. Anchorage, AK 99516 (907) 345-5014 the Alaska State Park System provides endless recreational opportunities year-round, and is a priceless resource for residents and visitors alike. Northern 3700 Airport Way Fairbanks, AK 99709 (907) 451-2695 Kenai/PWS P.O. Box 1247 Soldotna, AK 99669 (907) 262-5581 Southeast 400 Willoughby Ave. P.O. Box 111070 Juneau, AK 99811 (907) 465-2481 Kodiak District 1400 Abercrombie Dr. Kodiak, AK 99615 (907) 486-6339 Wood-Tikchik State Park P.O. Box 1822 Dillingham, AK 99576 (907) 842-2641 Mat-Su/Copper Basin 7278 E. Bogard Road Wasilla, AK 99654 (907) 745-3975 DNR Public Information Centers Anchorage: (907) 269-8400 Fairbanks: (907) 451-2705 Welcome to Alaska State Parks ATVing Backpacking Recreation From high alpine tundra to temperate rainforests, the state’s diverse landscapes are reflected in the parks, historic sites, recreation areas, trails, preserves, and special management areas that comprise the Alaska State Park System—a collection of 157 units Wood-Tikchik State Park Photo courtesy of Bill Berkhahn ranging in size from the half-acre Potter Section House State Historic Site to the 1.6-million-acre Wood-Tikchik State Park. Beachcombing Berry Picking Biking Bird Watching Denali State Park Photo courtesy of Erik Schlimmer Camping Canoeing Recreational opportunities are equally varied: hike through fields of lupine; pick blueberries under the midnight sun; snowmachine in Denali country; observe a pod of orcas from your sea kayak; or fish the world-famous Kenai River. Clamming Alaska State Park units are an essential component of the Alaskan lifestyle, with locals participating in wilderness recreation at a rate twice that of the national average. Alaskans make up over two-thirds of the 5.4 million annual visitors to our parks. Outdoors is “where it’s at” in the last frontier, and with a square mile of land for every resident, we have plenty of room for you to find your Alaska! Dog Mushing Climbing Exploring Fishing Hiking Horseback Riding The Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation provides outdoor