Chugach

Gold Panning A Guide to recreational goldpanning on the Kenai Peninsula, Chugach National Forest, Alaska GOLD PANNING A guide to recreational gold panning on the Kenai Peninsula, Chugach National Forest, Alaska Written by Carol Huber Chugach National Forest, Anchorage, Alaska & Joseph Kurtak Bureau of Land Management, Anchorage, Alaska Technical assistance by Nathan Rathbun Bureau of Land Management, Anchorage, Alaska (formerly with the U.S. Bureau of Mines) Graphic design and editing by David L. Allen & Charles Lindemuth Chugach National Forest, Anchorage, Alaska Graphic art by Kathy Sarns Chugach National Forest, Anchorage, Alaska Contents Welcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Gold – Significance and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Kenai Peninsula Mining – a History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Mining Right & Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Geology of the Northern Kenai Peninsula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Equipment you will need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 For your safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Where to look for gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 How to pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Kenai Peninsula gold panning areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 map1: Panning sites on the Kenai Peninsula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Bertha Creek panning area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 map 2: Bertha Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Six Mile Creek panning area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 map 3: Sixmile Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Resurrection Creek panning area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 map 4: Resurrection Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Crescent Creek panning area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 map 5: Crescent Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 How much gold have you found? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 A glossary of mining terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Further Reading… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 More Information… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Welcome Striking it rich! Finding the mother lode! ‘Tis the stuff of miners’ dreams. Unlike professional gold seekers, recreational gold panners benefit mostly from the adventure. The entire family can share in the fun of prospecting and gold panning. In this booklet, we explain basic gold panning techniques, how to find gold, discuss mining rights and guidelines, and identify areas available for recreational panning on the Chugach National Forest portion of Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula. Recreational gold panning on lands withdrawn from mineral entry is not a mining activity—it is a privilege. Be aware that panning, sluicing, and suction dredging can adversely affect water quality, thereby impacting vegetation, fish, wildlife, and ultimately people. During the process of separating soil from minerals, silt may be washed into streams, creating turbid water. Fish, fish eggs, and the aquatic insects have difficulty living in heavily silted water because of its reduced oxygen supply. Avoid washing soil and vegetation into streams, and do not dig in stream banks. This increases silt in the stream and is also dangerous. Many banks are unstable and can slide without warning. To reduce silt, dig only in active stream gravels. Return rocks or boulders moved during your efforts to their original positions. Aquatic insects, an important food source for salmon, often make their homes under these rocks. A little care will help ensure a healthy water ecosystem for both miners and anglers. Good luck and good prospecting! 2 Gold – Significance and Use The brightness and ornamental beauty of gold have fascinated humans for at least 5,500 years and still does. This most noble metal takes its name from the Germanic “gulth,” meaning glowing or shining metal. Gold is also a “precious metal” - this means that it is rare with high economic value. In fact, it has often established the standard by which wealth is measured. Gold is sometimes found free in nature but it is generally found in conjunction with silver. It is usually alloyed with other metals, such as silver, copper, platinum or palladium, to increase its strength. Gold alloys are used to make jewelry, decorative items, dental fillings and coins. Gold is a good conductor of heat and electricity and doesn’t tarnish when it is exposed air, so it can be used to make electrical connectors and printed circuit boards. Gold is also a good reflector of infrared radiation and can be used to help shield spacecraft and skyscrapers from the sun’s heat. Gold coated mirrors can be used to make telescopes that are sensitive to infrared light. Gold is the most malleable and ductile (can be drawn into a very thin wire) of all known metals. A single ounce of gold can be beaten into a sheet measuring roughly 5 meters on a side. Pure gold is soft. On a scale of 1 to 10, it has an average hardness of 2.8; diamond is 10. Gold alloyed with other metals becomes harder. Gold has a specific gravity of 19.3, meaning it is more than 19 times heavier than an equal volume of water. This property is very useful in the recovery of placer gold. Gold has a rich yellow color or “kindly” appearance, turning paler as its silver content increases. Gold is relatively easy to identify when you know its properties, but novices can confuse it with minerals such as pyrite and mica. Both can occur with gold. Pyrite, or “fool’s gold,” is brassy light yellow, and brittle. Mica is light yellow to bronzy, light weight, and has a platy appearance. 3 Sluice box operation on Lynx Creek in 1904. Goldbearing gravel from the stream cut on the right of the photo was shoveled into the sluice box. U.S. Geological Survey photo Hydraulic mining on Juneau Creek in 1904. Note hand-stacked boulders and precarious wheel-barrow bridge. U.S. Geological Survey photo 4 Kenai Peninsula Mining – a History Crew members from the St. Peter, a Russian vessel commanded by Vitus Bering, were the first Europeans to set foot in Russian America (Alaska) in 1741. But it was not until 1848 that the Russians mounted an expedition solely to search for precious metals in Alaska. In 1848, Peter Doroshin, a Russian mining engineer, was sent by the Russian-America Co. to prospect for precious metals on the Kenai Peninsula. He found only a few ounces of placer gold in the upper Kenai River (Figure 6) and his mining venture was abandoned. Doroshin was convinced, however, that large placer gold deposits were present in the Kenai Mountains. Thirty-eight years later, his hunch was proven correct. In the late 1880s, after two seasons of prospecting along Turnagain Arm, a miner named King was rewarded with four pokes of gold. Looking for King’s discovery, other prospectors found gold on Resurrection Creek and nearby streams in 1894. As word spread of these discoveries, prospectors began to trickle into the region. In 1895, claims were staked on Mills and Sixmile Creeks and gold was discovered near Girdwood. By 1896, a full-fledged gold rush was on! The first arrivals were seasoned miners from the American west and Canada. Late comers tended to be inexperienced miners with grand dreams of easy riches. Thousands of prospectors arrived in Cook Inlet during this period to seek their fortunes. News of the district’s richness became exaggerated over time dooming many stampeders to bitter failure. A record amount of gold was produced in 1897. A second shortlived rush occurred in 1898—mainly due to an overflow of miners from the Yukon gold rush in Canada. Mining was simple—liberal use of a pick and shovel and a strong back. Miners shoveled gold-bearing stream gravels into sluices (long narrow wooden boxes through which water was run). Slats 5 lying crosswise in the bottom of the boxes caught the gold, and let the gravel waste (tailings) wash through. Rich, shallow deposits were soon worked out (Figure 1). Later, hydraulicking was used (Figure 2). A high pressure water jet broke up the gravels, which in turn were washed through a sluice box. Large amounts of gravel could be processed in a shorter time, allowing lower grade gravels to be mined at a profit. To get enough water at the pressure needed, miners dug long ditches on hillsides above their operations to collect water and funnel it down to the mining area. One of these ditches stands out as a conspicuously straight strip of alder brush on the mountainside east of Canyon Creek. It can be seen from a pullout on the east side of the Seward Highway, 3 miles south of the Hope Road junction. An interpretive site at the pullout describes the mining history of the area. In some streams, miners noticed milky-white quartz boulders with small specks of gold in them. Curious prospectors, looking for the source, discovered gold-rich quartz veins on Palmer, Bear, and Sawmill Creeks in 1898. Settlements at Hope and Sunrise sprang up along the shores of Turnagain Arm. Both mining communities served as supply and entertainment sources for thousands of people. Sunrise all but disappeared after nearby mining played out and fire destroyed much of the town. Placer mining on nearby Resurrection Creek and lode deposits in Palmer Creek kept Hope going. By 1931, only about 20 men were actively engaged in placer mining on local creeks. Today, scant evidence exists of Sunrise, but Hope survives. Almost 100 years of mining in the northern Kenai Peninsula has produced about 133,800 oz. of placer gold. Hard rock mines produced an additional 30,000 oz. Suction dredging and sluicing are currently the most common mining methods. 6 Mining Right & Guidelines Here are a few simple rules and guidelines that all recreational gold panners must know. • Recreational gold panning on the Chugach National Forest consists of use of hand tools, panning, sluicing, and suction dredging with a 4-inch or smaller intake hose. • Follow all national forest rules such as camping limits, discharge of firearms, use of trails, etc. These regulations are found in Title 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), with general prohibitions in part 261. Copies are available on the internet and at Chugach National Forest offices in Anchorage, Girdwood, Seward, and Moos Pass. Regulations may or may not be posted. • Gold pans and hand tools-fed sluice boxes are allowed yearround in streams listed in this booklet. Four-inch or smaller suction dredges are allowed in salmon streams from May 15 to July 15 but only with a permit from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. The permit is free. • No hydraulic mining or use of earth moving equipment is allowed. • Work only the active stream channel or unvegetated gravel bars. Do not dig in stream banks! • You are not allowed to build structures, cut trees or dig up archaeological, historical, or paleontological objects, nor are you allowed to obstruct others in their recreational pursuits. Mining law and mining claims. The 1872 Mining Law allows a person to locate a mining claim on federal land and to mine that claim. However, when certain lands are withdrawn from mineral entry, no claims can be located there (although there may be preexisting claims). The four designated areas in this publication are withdrawn from mineral entry and have no mining claims. Any other federal lands in the Chugach National Forest not covered by claims are available for recreational panning. Remote areas are less likely to have mining claims. As a recreational panner, you do not operate under the Mining Law. 7 You can hike, fish, hunt, and recreate on a federal mining claim, but you must respect the claimant’s equipment and operations. The claim owner has an exclusive right to mine his/her claim. You must have permission from the claimant to pan on his/her claim. If you wish to file a claim, or want to know the location, owners, and status of legal claims, do the following: • Establish the area in which you are interested. (U.S. Bureau of Mines and U.S. Geological Survey publications identify goldbearing streams.) • Locate the area on a topographic map, and determine section, township, and range. • With this information, check with the Bureau of Land Management which keeps current records for all mining claims on federal lands (see More information section). • Mark claim locations on your topographic map, and go out and look for markers in the field. A placer mining claim is normally 20 acres, generally measuring 660 by 1,320 feet. The long direction of the claim is usually oriented parallel to the stream. Be aware that claims may exist with no visible markers. If there is an error in the location description, the marker on the ground rules. 8 Geology of the Northern Kenai Peninsula The rocky peaks of the Kenai Mountains have their origin in sands and muds deposited on the seafloor about 65 million years ago. They created large submarine alluvial fans streaming into the sea at the then western edge of the North American continent, piling up to form sedimentary deposits at least a mile thick. The tremendous weight of this great thickness of sediment generated high internal pressures and temperatures which baked the muck to form siltstone and sandstone. Later hot silica-rich fluids, coming from depth, penetrated these rocks along faults and fractures. Upon cooling the fluids crystallized to form milky white quartz veins. If conditions were right, the hot fluids may have contained gold and silver which became frozen in the veins during crystallization, forming lode deposits. Excellent examples of quartz veins are exposed along the Seward Highway, 2.7 miles north of the westside rest area in Turnagain Pass. Subsequent weathering of the veins released the gold to mix with stream gravels. Due to its high specific gravity, the gold was concentrated by the action of water to form placer deposits. Beginning about 2 million years ago, climatic cooling and heavy precipitation resulted in the formation of large glaciers on the Kenai Peninsula. Like giant bulldozers, the advancing glaciers pushed gravel ahead of them, dispersing the placer gold. A warming trend, beginning about 12,000 years ago, caused the glaciers to retreat, leaving behind gravel-filled U-shaped valleys. Knolls and ridges in the Turnagain Pass area are composed of gravels left behind by glaciers that filled the valley to a depth of at least 2,000 feet. Braided stream channels from the melting glaciers reworked the gravels concentrating the dispersed placer gold. Rapid down cutting by streams during the mountain building process left deposits behind as bench placers, perched above the present valley floors. This down cutting concentrated the gold further, forming gulch placers in the stream bottoms. Most of the gold on the Kenai Peninsula has been produced from placer deposits along Crow, Canyon, Resurrection, Lynx, Bear, Mills, Gulch, and Sixmile Creeks. 9 Equipment you will need The basic equipment is quite simple and requires only a minimum investment. A gold pan is most important. Metal pans were used by early prospectors; modern versions are plastic with built-in riffles. In a pinch, frying pans and even hub caps will work. New metal pans generally come with a coating of grease and should be cleaned thoroughly by heating over an open fire. The pan will rust, but some rust is beneficial for collecting fine gold. Suggested equipment. • gold pan (plastic with riffles or metal); 14” size is best. • shovel to loosen gravel from creek bottom. • grizzly pan with 1⁄2–inch holes in bottom; this pan helps separate coarse gravel, speeding up the panning process. • magnifying lens (at least 10X power) to identify minerals. • sluice box, approximately 3 feet long; (construct or obtain commercially; aluminum version is available.) • tweezers for picking up gold; a dry finger will also work. • small magnet for separating out magnetic black sands. • small glass vials to hold gold. • rubber gloves to protect hands from cold water. • rubber boots to keep feet dry while wading in creeks. • Most of these items are available at local miners’ and prospectors’ supply houses, sporting goods stores, and some hardware stores. For your safety The Chugach National Forest is one of the most diverse and beautiful of the nation’s 155 national forests. Its spectacular mountains, marine shorelines, wetlands, and wildlife lure visitors from around the world. A place as wild as the Chugach has its dangers, however. A little knowledge and good judgment can help ensure a safe outdoor experience. 10 Here are a few tips. • The Kenai Peninsula is home to brown and black bears. They have roamed here for thousands of years. They are wild animals and can be very dangerous. You will be panning in the stream channel, home of a bear’s favorite dinner—salmon. Stay alert and avoid bears whenever possible. Get a copy of Bear Facts from the Forest Service for more information. • We also have some of the world’s largest moose. Although they are herbivores, they can still be dangerous— any critter that weighs 1,000 pounds can be dangerous. Moose get especially cranky if they feel their young are in danger. Watch them from a distance. • The water up here is cold and you can expect to get wet—after all, the gold is in the water. Wear insulated waterproof boots and gloves. Wool clothing can keep you warm even when wet. Bring extra clothing and dress in layers. • Mine only in the active stream channel—not along the shore or in cut banks. Undercutting stream banks and trees is an extremely dangerous activity. These banks tend to be very unstable. Heavy boulders and trees can fall on you if the bank should collapse. 11 Where to look for gold Water is the primary agent in the formation of most placer deposits. Moving water can transport large amounts of material, from fine silt to large boulders, especially during runoff periods. When freed from the rock by weathering, gold is added to stream waters along with rock debris, and is carried along by the stream. Where streams meander, go over falls, or are deflected around boulders, a drop in water velocity occurs, and the gold drops out. Continued agitation by water causes gold to settle down through the gravel until reaching bedrock or an impermeable clay layer. These concentrations are called pay streaks. The best places to find gold exist where turbulence changes to slower-moving water flow. Check out slower water below rapids and waterfalls, deep pools, and the downstream side of boulders. Inside bends of meanders, upstream ends of sand or “point” bars are good places to pan fine gold, which is renewed yearly during runoff. Bedrock crevices or pockets acting as natural riffles can collect gold. Scoop out and pan material from these spots. Spring, early summer, and just before freeze up in the fall are good times of the year for panning. Water is low and gold-bearing gravel is exposed. To minimize resource damage, confine digging to active, unvegetated stream gravels. 12 How to pan The key to recovering placer gold from gravel is the weight difference between ordinary gravel and gold. This difference allows gold to move downward (concentrate) when agitated. The simplest placer mining tool for this purpose is the pan. So grab your gold pan, grizzly, and shovel, and let’s begin Shovel gravels into a grizzly positioned over the gold pan. grizzly pan gold pan A grizzly (a pan with holes in the bottom) is used to separate larger rocks from the finer material. Pan cross-section. After the rocks caught in the grizzly are examined for gold, they may be discarded. Agitate the material through the grizzly. finer lighter material coarser heavier material riffles With the pan’s riffles pointed away from you, alternate underwater dipping and swirling, until the lighter, finer material is washed away and the heavier material remains in the bottom of the pan. Check the over-sized material for nuggets, and then toss. Totally submerge your ½-full pan in water. Panning may be done from a 13 squatting or sitting position at the stream edge, in gently moving water, holding the pan between the knees. Keep pan riffles pointed away from you to catch any gold that might slip over the lip. Liberal water, agitation, and patience are required to persuade gold to settle to the bottom of the pan. While the pan is submerged, break up any clots of dirt and wash any cobbles that may have clay that can trap placer gold. The clay has been removed when the water in the pan starts to clear. Pick pebbles from the pan to get them out of the way. Look for heavy pieces with unusual color or shape. You might find a gold nugget or a gold-bearing piece of vein quartz. Hold the pan level under water and shake it with a sideways or circular motion. The gold will settle to the pan bottom. Occasionally tilt the pan, to let the sand-sized material wash out. Dip the pan in and out of the water. When dark sands (heavy mineral grains) are all that is left (except for the gold, of course), you are panning correctly. Hopefully, your pan will look like this when you are finished. Using a slightly forward motion with the pan tilted, wash lighter material away. Alternate underwater swirling and dipping until only a few spoonfuls of heavy minerals remain. When dark, heavy mineral grains (black sands) are present, the panning is being done right. Black sands may be a variety of heavy minerals including magnetite, garnet, scheelite, zircon, cassiterite, and platinum. Precious 14 and semi-precious stones are uncommon in Kenai Peninsula placers, but keep an eye out for them. If it’s heavy, keep it and seek identification from a geologist or miner. Beginners are often impatient to find gold quickly. Take your time. During the panning motion, black sand and other fines concentrate in the crease or riffles of the pan. Gold can be separated from black sands by rolling water in the pan with a combination swirling and rocking motion. Lighter material moves to one side, gold stays put. For safety, do the final panning over another container to keep gold from being lost. Dry the fines. Use a magnet to separate magnetic grains and tweezers, a knife blade, or a dry finger to pick up small gold pieces. Save the gold in a water-filled vial. Examine your gold. Rough, nugget gold is near its source. Gold that is flat and smooth has traveled some distance from its point of origin. Flour gold has been flattened to a few microns thickness and will float on water. Panning is a relatively slow method for recovering gold. Experienced panners can process about 10 large pans per hour. A sluice or suction dredge can increase productivity. Suction dredges A free EPA permit is required for all suction dredging in Alaska. Also, regulations for suction dredges are imposed on some streams by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). A free ADF&G permit is required to dredge streams that are important for salmon spawning habitat. For information on permits, contact the EPA and ADF&G. If you first secure an ADF&G permit, you will not need to apply for an EPA permit. The Chugach National Forest considers a suction dredge, 4–inch diameter or less, operated within the active stream channel, a recreational activity. 15 Kenai Peninsula gold panning areas There is still gold “in them thar hills,” and we would like you to find some of it. We doubt that you will get rich panning gold recreationally, but you might find some color—and have a great time doing it. We have selected four sites on the Kenai Peninsula portion of the Chugach National Forest that we feel would have the best potential for yielding gold (map 1). These sites are all within two hour’s driving time from Anchorage via the Seward and Sterling Highways. The following pages describe the four sites in detail. We hope that our descriptions will help you find success in your panning endeavors. Good luck. 16 map1: Panning sites on the Kenai Peninsula Anchorage Chugach T rd r n y a Resu Re rre surr ctio ecti nC on reek Tra il  Turnagain Pass Bertha Creek Chugach Cany on Cr. ghw Hi Sixmile Creek Sixmile Creek Refuge A r m p e Hig ay hw Resurrection Creek Wildlife Ho Creek Bea rC Girdwood k ree lmer Creek Pa National Park a g a i n Hope Kenai State w Cro u Sewa Tinca n Cr. Lyon Berth Cr. a Cr Spo kane . Cr. PORTAGE GLACIER National M Creek ills Qua rtz C r. Forest Cooper Landing Cre s Sterling Hwy. wa rd Legend Trail Lake Moose Pass Crescent Creek Lower Russian Lake gold panning areas Crescent Lake r Cooper Lake Kenai road Lake river national forest trail Upper Russian Lake Hig Re su iv on R National Lost Lake hway ecti rr Kenai A Russ ian Rive Se cent Cr. . Kenai R Wildlife a map location Refuge scale Kenai National sk e r la Park Fjords 0 miles 12 Seward 17 Bertha Creek panning area An early prospector named this stream after his daughter. Hand placer and hydraulic mining began in1902 and may have yielded up to 600 oz. of gold. Most gold came from the alluvial fan below the canyon. Bertha Creek crosses the Seward Highway 2.6 miles south of Turnagain Pass. Lower Bertha Creek lies within a withdrawal that extends for 1,300 feet on either side of the Seward Highway from Turnagain Pass south to Petes Creek. Bertha Creek is available for recreational panning from its junction with Granite Creek upstream to the powerline crossing (map 2). Granite Creek, however, is closed to recreational mining because of its salmon spawning habitat. The upper portion of Bertha Creek flows through a glacier-carved valley. Slate bedrock is sporadically exposed for 850 feet along the creek beginning 150 feet above the Seward Highway Bertha Creek bridge. A rough trail can be followed up the east side of the creek. The tan-colored clay layer on bedrock is a good bet for gold that ranges from flaky to nuggety. Single pans have produced pieces up to ¼ inch long. The rust-colored quartz float in the stream bed occasionally contains pyrite cubes and may be the placer gold source. Another trail which leaves the highway 250 feet north of the bridge, leads up the northwest side of the creek. At mile 0.2, it passes a bluff overlooking the site where Bertha Creek exits from a narrow steep-walled canyon. Good colors can be obtained from stream gravel and fractured bedrock in this area. Gold can also be obtained from nearby Spokane, Lyon, and Tincan creeks (Figure 8); the withdrawal includes the lower portions that are therefore open to recreational panning. An informal pull-off where the Seward Highway crosses Spokane Creek provides parking for one or two vehicles. Lyon and Tincan creeks are accessed from the Turnagain Pass rest area. Parking, camping, and picnic sites are available at the Bertha Creek Campground. Motorized vehicles are restricted to established roadways in this area. 18 map 2: Bertha Creek  Turnagain Pass 2 miles Be r th a C re ek High way MP 65.3 ard gold panning sites Sew Granite Creek Legend mineral withdrawal *clos tailings ed to recreat i river road on a l mining* Hope Junction 9.3 miles dirt/gravel road r. Spokane C Bertha Creek Campground powerline trail MP 65.3 milepost Seward Highway scale 0 feet 1,000 19 Six Mile Creek panning area Sixmile Creek was named by early prospectors who determined Sixmile Creek was named by early prospectors who determined it to be six miles up Turnagain Arm from Cook Inlet. Gold was discovered in Sixmile Creek in 1895. Hydraulic mining was attempted in the 1930s and several small suction dredge operations have gone on in recent years. Up to 2,000 oz. of gold have been produced from the creek, mainly in the area just below the confluence of Sixmile and Canyon creeks. A withdrawal, bounded by the east bank of Sixmile Creek and a line 200 ft. west of the center line of the Hope Road, is available for recreational panning—0.7 miles to 5 miles north of the Hope Junction (map 3). Sixmile Creek flows through a broad glacial valley with numerous gravel bars and some bedrock exposures. At mile 2.4 on the Hope Road, park at the pullout on the east side and follow a steep trail down the road embankment to Sixmile Creek (Figure 9). Gravel bars along this stretch of creek contain flat flour gold and occasional small flakes. Pans have produced 15–20 fine colors of flat, well-worn gold. The south end of the gravel bar nearest the road is best, especially on the downstream side of larger rocks. Panning gravel on bedrock located downstream from the bar can also produce gold. A rough trail leading from the north end of the parking lot will reach these sites that are best accessed during low water. Rusty-colored quartz float along the creek sometimes contains pyrite (fool’s gold). Suction dredges (4-inch or smaller) are only allowed from May 15 to July 15 with a permit from ADF&G. Good panning can be found at mile 4.3 on the Hope Road (not shown on map). Pull off on a short side road into the trees and follow the trail to Sixmile Creek. Gold occurs on point bars to the east and old channels next to the creek. 20 map 3: Sixmile Creek Hig hw ay Legend Ho pe gold panning sites mineral withdrawal Al d Cre ek er tailings river road powerline parking MP 2.4 milepost Hope Highway MP 2.4 scale feet Sixmile hannel) Cree k (main c nel) k an r ee mC igh wate r ch ile Cre ek (h a ver D Bea 1,000 Six m 0  Hope Junction 2.0 miles 21 Resurrection Creek panning area The second discovery of gold on the Kenai Peninsula was on Resurrection Creek in about 1888. The creek has produced an estimated 30,000 to 40,000 oz. of gold since 1895. Below Palmer Creek, Resurrection Creek flows through a 1,000 foot-wide alluvial flood plain. Creek gravels rest on a tan to yellow clay hard-pan with streaks of blue clay present. Bench gravels are exposed on both sides of the creek. Gold is disseminated throughout the gravel, but is concentrated on clay and bedrock. A half mile stretch of Resurrection Creek lies within a withdrawal and is available for recreational gold panning. This area is a favorite site for recreational mining. Suction dredges (4-inch or smaller) are permitted from May 15 to July 15 with a permit from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Access is by the Palmer Creek Road out of Hope. The mining area begins at the Resurrection Pass Trail footbridge 4.5 miles from Hope and continues upstream for 0.5 miles to a patented (private land) claim (map 4). The claim boundary is marked with a gate. Fine gold can be panned from gravels all along the creek. Try for fine, flat gold near the campsite 0.25 mile above the footbridge and along the